Entrepreneurship and Criminal Justice Populations: A Social Cognitive Perspective.

A criminal record limits employment opportunities of those released from prison. Entrepreneurship, or starting one's own business venture, has been suggested as a way to overcome the employment barriers of a criminal record, given that many justice-involved persons have entrepreneurship experiences, often through illegal ventures. Sparse research has investigated how legal or illegal business experience translates to legal entrepreneurship attitudes.

Psychological services to extend public health and disease management approaches in criminal justice settings: An introduction.

COVID-19 has brought renewed attention to the physical and mental health needs of underserved populations and the settings that assist them in receiving services. This introduction presents six articles of a special section on disease management approaches used within criminal justice settings to address such needs. Articles span a range of settings, including prisons, jails, mental health courts, forensic settings, and crisis units.

Telehealth among substance using justice-involved persons on community supervision: Benefits, challenges, and suggestions for future use.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the uses of telehealth with justice-involved adults under community supervision with substance use problems, including their experiences during the pandemic.

Methods: Structured interviews were administered among 17 justice-involved adults under community supervision about their experiences with telehealth services to treat substance use disorders. Thematic coding was used for the analysis.

Pilot study of career mentoring program for juveniles.

This article describes an innovative career-mentoring program for court-ordered juveniles that targets risk factors of recidivism and incorporates elements of effective career intervention. Youth were randomly assigned to a mentoring group or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group. The mentoring group received nine sessions of a structured career-mentoring program from students at a university.

Willingness to work among males on parole: A quantitative and qualitative analysis.

This study investigated employment attitudes of adult males who were recently released from prison and onto parole. The study investigated the role of willingness to work entry-level jobs, an understudied variable in career development of justice-involved persons. We hypothesized that criminal thinking and perception of barriers would each have a direct effect on job search self-efficacy and a direct and indirect effect on willingness to work entry-level jobs, through job search self-efficacy.

Clinicians with lived experience of mental illness: Introduction to a special section on prosumers, in honor of the late Dr. Fredrick J. Frese III.

This article is an introduction to a special section on mental health clinicians with a personal lived experience of mental illness (aka 'prosumers') dedicated to the late Dr. Frederick J. Frese III.

Employment Perceptions of Parolees: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Criminal Thinking.

This study explored offenders' perception of their barriers to employment and investigated the role of criminal attitudes in parolees recently released from prison. An analysis of open-ended responses from offenders indicated that they perceived having a criminal record as the largest barrier to employment. Structural equation modeling, utilizing a cross-sectional design, indicated moderate support for a model of criminal thinking as a predictor of perceived barriers and of self-efficacy.

Clinical apps and public service settings: Innovations, diverse applications, and limits.

Smartphone applications are rapidly increasing. Their range of uses is also expanding. "Clinical apps," those used with psychological and behavioral problems, are also growing.

Division 18 presidential address: The future of public service psychology.

This article provides the results of a survey completed by members of Division 18 regarding their perceptions of the division's values, as well as the greatest asset in being a member and their view of the future of psychologists in the public sector. Results indicated that members perceive Division 18 as a home for professional interests, with a commitment to providing public service and treatment. Members noted that they valued several things, including networking with colleagues as well as information that the division provided.

Mobile app interventions for military and veteran families: Before, during, and after deployment.

Deployment to foreign wars leads to many challenges for military families. Unique risk factors for behavioral and psychological problems have been identified before, during, and after the deployment of a loved one. This brief report outlines these challenges and risk factors at each stage of the deployment process and describes mobile applications that may be beneficial in addressing them.

The Offender Job Search Self-Efficacy Scale: Development and initial validation.

The purpose of this study was to develop the Offender Job Search Self-Efficacy Scale (OFJSSE) for the specific job search needs of the criminal justice population. Participants were 249 male inmates within 2 years of release from a state correctional facility in the southern region of the United States who identified mostly as Caucasian (56.2%), single (62.

Temporal discounting and criminal thinking: understanding cognitive processes to align services.

Temporal discounting is an indicator of impulsivity that has consistently been found to be associated with risky behaviors such as substance abuse and compulsive gambling. Yet, although criminal acts are clearly risky choice behaviors, no study has examined temporal discounting in the criminal attitudes and behaviors of adult offenders. Yet, such investigations have potential to understand the cognitive processes that underlie various criminal patterns of thinking and may help distinguish between high and low risk offenders.

Attitudes toward hiring offenders: the roles of criminal history, job qualifications, and race.

Occupational functioning is an important factor in the success of offenders reentering society. Yet few studies have empirically examined the factors influencing job obtainment of offenders. This study endeavors to begin to fill this gap by examining attitudes in hiring applicants charged with a crime.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Major Depressive Disorder: A Brief Primer for Primary Care Physicians.

BACKGROUND: One of the most enduring and replicated findings in biological psychiatry is activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a subset of patients with major depressive disorder. This review will discuss some of these findings and their pertinence to the assessment and treatment of depressed patients. METHOD: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Current Contents databases were searched for pertinent articles on the HPA axis in patients with depression.

Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role?

Elevated cortisol in a subset of depressed patients is an enduring and well-replicated finding. Much interest has focused on the possible effects of depression on the hippocampus; however, an emerging body of evidence suggests an association between depression and non-central nervous system illnesses. In this review, data on the effects of depression on the brain and other organ systems sensitive to elevated cortisol are discussed.