Usage of Spaced Repetition Flashcards to Improve Educational Outcomes in Microbiology.

: Spaced repetition flashcards and other instructor-made resources are beneficial tools for students in content-dense introductory courses, particularly in the sciences. This study seeks to evaluate whether instructor-made, spaced repetition flashcards affect students' performance on the exams and their self-concept as it pertains to a newly introduced discipline (microbiology). : Students enrolled in a bachelor's level introductory microbiology course utilized a spaced repetition flashcard software to scaffold their review of course material productively.