A novel accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of anterior forearm inserting into the tenosynovium of the flexor pollicis longus.

A common variant of accessory muscles in the anterior forearm is the Gantzer's muscle (GM). GM arises as a muscle belly from flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) or ulnar coronoid process to merge distally with the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle. In the present case report, we describe a novel accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of the forearm.

Rule Out Acute Kidney Injury in the Emergency Department With a Urinary Dipstick.

Introduction: The identification of acute injury of the kidney relies on serum creatinine (SCr), a functional marker with poor temporal resolution as well as limited sensitivity and specificity for cellular injury. In contrast, urinary biomarkers of kidney injury have the potential to detect cellular stress and damage in real time.

Methods: To detect the response of the kidney to injury, we have tested a lateral flow dipstick that measures a urinary protein called neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Tillaux fractures of the tibia (in adolescents).

The juvenile "Tillaux" fracture occurs in a specific age group and may be misinterpreted as a simple sprain if proper examination is not performed. Anatomic reduction is necessary to prevent long term damage to the ankle joint. Computed tomography is of help in the evaluation of adequacy of reduction.

Renal ultrasound in the neonatal period.

Ultrasound was used for imaging the kidneys in 55 neonates. The normal kidney in a neonate is characterized by prominent medulla and fetal lobulation, the main renal vessels are frequently demonstrated. Of 29 infants with normal kidneys by ultrasound, 4 had renal disease (3 acute tubular necrosis, one partial renal artery thrombosis) and one had a pelvic kidney.

Pneumoperitoneum: diagnosis from chest radiographs.

Children under intensive care for various illnesses are usually followed closely with radiographic examinations of the chest. The recognition of a pneumoperitoneum as a complicating feature of these illneses depends on subtle radiographic signs that are frequently visible on the chest film studies. We have assembled and illustrated these findings in the hope that pediatricians will be better able to recognize this complication when it occurs.

Ultrasonography in primary hepatic tumors in early childhood.

Ultrasonography was useful in preoperative investigation of primary hepatic tumors in nine children, aged 4 weeks to 4 years. In all patients, the hepatic origin and the solid or mixed echogenic nature of the tumor was determined. In two children (one with hemangioendothelioma, one with cystic mesenchymoma) the ultrasonographic findings were even more specific when correlated with angiography and/or histology.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.

Previous descriptions of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have emphasized a variety of radiographic patterns which most often apply to advanced disease. We reviewed the chest roentgenograms of children taken at or just after the onset of clinical symptoms. Subtle but definite abnormalities of pulmonary vessels, hila, parenchyma, and aeration were observed.

Upper airway obstruction during sleep in children.

Cinefluoroscopic findings are described in nine children with sleep-related upper airway obstruction who are asymptomatic while awake. Asleep, these patients show strikingly similar changes in the region of the hypopharynx. During inspiration, the tongue and hypopharyngeal soft tissues are approximate, obliterating the hypopharyngeal air space causing intermittent and almost complete obstruction to air flow.

Retropharyngeal masses in infants and young children.

Six patients are described who illustrate different causes of retropharyngeal mass lesions in infants and young children. Differential diagnosis, clinical history, physical examination, and adequate roentgenographic evaluation of the neck are important.

Streptococcal skeletal infections: observations in four infants.

The radiographic findings and clinical presentations of four patients with group B beta hemolytic streptococcal osteomyelitis and pyoarthritis are described. Radiographic features, though not specific, are similar in these patients and others reported in the literature. The combination of radiographic patterns and clinical presentations in children of this age group should alert clinicians and radiologists to the possibility of infection with this organism.

Functional and metabolic evaluation of colon replacement of the esophagus in children.

Thirteen children with esophageal replacement with colon interposition have been followed at the University of Florida Medical Center between 1962 and 1976. Eight of these patients were evaluated with a detailed functional and metabolic protocol, four requiring colon interposition for esophageal atresia and four for esophageal strictures. Growth was noted to be somewhat delayed in the patients with esophageal atresia, especially those with associated congenital anomalies.

Primary hypogonadism in the Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome.

A 28-year-old man with mental retardation and multiple congenital malformations was found to have the classical features of Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome. Endocrine evaluations showed primary hypogonadism as the underlying endocrine abnormality rather than hypopituitarism as suggested in earlier reports.

Normal intelligence in two children with Carpenter syndrome.

Previous reports have noted a constant association between the Carpenter syndrome (acrocephalopolysyndactyly, type II) and mental retardation. We report two patients with this condition with normal intelligence. These observations indicate that mental deficiency is not necessarily a component of the Carpenter syndrome and that early surgical correction of the craniosynostoses may improve the chances of normal mentality.

The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome: study of 16 patients in one family.

The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome has recognizable clinical and radiographic features. In most patients, hand radiographs show typical cone-shaped epiphyses which affect predominantly the middle phalanges. Pattern profile analysis may help establish the diagnosis in the absence of typical clinical features of radiographic hand changes.

Traumatic perforation of the hypopharynx in infants.

Three cases of traumatic perforation and pseudodiverticulum of the hypopharynx in newborn infants are presented. This lesion may be encountered with increasing frequency as a result of the more aggressive management of newborn infants with respiratory distress. Early recognition of this complication is essential to successful therapy.

Extrarenal pelvic hydronephrosis: report of five cases.

Five patients are reported with uretropelvic obstruction and hydronephrosis in which the renal pelvis is predominantly involved. Because of the extrarenal position of the pelvis in these patients, its dilatation is apt to cause distortion and displacement of the calyces and infundibulae simulating an intrarenal mass. Calyceal and infundibular dilatation is much less apparent and general renal outline and cortical thickness is better preserved in these patients than in those with classical hydronephrosis.

Traumatic para-mediastinal air cyst. A case report.

The roentgenographic features of a paramediastinal air cyst following chest trauma are reported. After an initial period of enlargement the lesion completely resolved in one month. Experience with this patient and a review of similar cases reported in the literature suggests that lesions of this type may be observed for spontaneous resolution.