Mesenchymal Stem Cell Plasticity: What Role Do Culture Conditions and Substrates Play in Shaping Biomechanical Signatures?

Cell functionality, driven by remarkable plasticity, is strongly influenced by mechanical forces that regulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate. This study explores the biomechanical properties of jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) and induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) under different culture conditions. We cultured both JPCs and iMSCs (n = 3) under normoxic and hypoxic environments, with and without osteogenic differentiation, and on laminin- or gelatin-coated substrates.

Erratum: A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro.

This corrects the article 10.3791/64016.

Proteolysis of the pericellular matrix: Pinpointing the role and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in early osteoarthritic remodeling.

The pericellular matrix (PCM) serves a critical role in signal transduction and mechanoprotection in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis (OA) leads to a gradual deterioration of the cartilage, marked by a shift in the spatial arrangement of chondrocytes from initially isolated strands to large cell clusters in end-stage degeneration. These changes coincide with progressive enzymatic breakdown of the PCM.

Three-Dimensionally Cultured Jaw Periosteal Cells Attenuate Macrophage Activation of CD4 T Cells and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis.

The implementation of a successful therapeutic approach that includes tissue-engineered grafts requires detailed analyses of graft-immune cell interactions in order to predict possible immune reactions after implantation. The phenotypic plasticity of macrophages plays a central role in immune cell chemotaxis, inflammatory regulation and bone regeneration. The present study addresses effects emanating from JPC-seeded β-TCP constructs (3DJPCs) co-cultivated with THP-1 derived M1/M2 macrophages within a horizontal co-culture system.

Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Autologous bone transplantation is still considered as the gold standard therapeutic option for bone defect repair. The alternative tissue engineering approaches have to combine good hardiness of biomaterials whilst allowing good stem cell functionality. To become more useful for load-bearing applications, mechanical properties of calcium phosphate materials have to be improved.

Secretomes derived from osteogenically differentiated jaw periosteal cells inhibit phenotypic and functional maturation of CD14 monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

The jaw periosteal tissue is generally recognized as a suitable source for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In previous studies we showed evidence that two- and three-dimensionally cultured jaw periosteum-derived MSCs (JPCs) are able to induce a more immature phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs). To further expand our knowledge of JPCs' immunoregulative function, we investigated the effects of JPC secretomes derived from undifferentiated (CO) or osteogenically differentiated cells (treated with or without dexamethasone: OB+/-D) on CD14 monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs).

5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Potentiates the Effectiveness of Doxorubicin in Ewing Sarcomas.

Ewing sarcomas (ES) are aggressive primary bone tumors that require radical therapy. Promising low toxicity, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) could enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatment modalities (e.g.

How osteogenic is dexamethasone?-effect of the corticosteroid on the osteogenesis, extracellular matrix, and secretion of osteoclastogenic factors of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Dexamethasone (dexa) is commonly used to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) However, it is paradoxical that glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexa lead to bone loss and increased fracture risk in patients undergoing glucocorticoid therapy, causing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). In a recent publication, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells isolated from jaw periosteal tissue (JPCs) does not depend on dexa, if the medium is supplemented with human platelet lysate (hPL) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). This allows the conditions to be much closer to the natural situation and enables us to compare osteogenic differentiation with and without dexa.

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants.

Without a doubt, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is currently one of the most powerful and useful techniques to assess micro and even nano-cues in the biological field. However, as with any other microscopic approach, methodological challenges can arise. In particular, the characteristics of the sample, sample preparation, type of instrument, and indentation probe can lead to unwanted artifacts.

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro.

Mature osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that can degrade bone through the secretion of acids and enzymes. They play a crucial role in various diseases (e.g.

Impact of Fluid Dynamics on the Viability and Differentiation Capacity of 3D-Cultured Jaw Periosteal Cells.

Perfused bioreactor systems are considered to be a promising approach for the 3D culturing of stem cells by improving the quality of the tissue-engineered grafts in terms of better cell proliferation and deeper penetration of used scaffold materials. Our study aims to establish an optimal perfusion culture system for jaw periosteal cell (JPC)-seeded scaffolds. For this purpose, we used beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds as a three-dimensional structure for cell growth and osteogenic differentiation.

Pre-Conditioning with IFN-γ and Hypoxia Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of iPSC-Derived MSC Secretome.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) represent a promising source of progenitor cells for approaches in the field of bone regeneration. Bone formation is a multi-step process in which osteogenesis and angiogenesis are both involved. Many reports show that the secretome of mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) influences the microenvironment upon injury, promoting cytoprotection, angiogenesis, and tissue repair of the damaged area.

Analysis of the Influence of Jaw Periosteal Cells on Macrophages Phenotype Using an Innovative Horizontal Coculture System.

Jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JPCs) represent a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to their high osteogenic potential and good accessibility. Our previous work demonstrated that JPCs are able to regulate THP-1-derived macrophage polarization in a direct coculture model. In the present study, we used an innovative horizontal coculture system in order to understand the underlying paracrine effects of JPCs on macrophage phenotype polarization.

Angiogenic Potential of VEGF Mimetic Peptides for the Biofunctionalization of Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composites.

Currently, the focus on bioinspired concepts for the development of tissue engineering constructs is increasing. For this purpose, the combination of collagen (Coll) and hydroxyapatite (HA) comes closest to the natural composition of the bone. In order to confer angiogenic properties to the scaffold material, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is frequently used.

Influence of Human Jaw Periosteal Cells Seeded β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds on Blood Coagulation.

Tissue engineering offers auspicious opportunities in oral and maxillofacial surgery to heal bone defects. For this purpose, the combination of cells with stability-providing scaffolds is required. Jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) are well suited for regenerative therapies, as they are easily accessible and show strong osteogenic potential.

Jaw Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate THP-1-Derived Macrophage Polarization.

Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow have powerful immunomodulatory capabilities. The interactions between jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) and macrophages are not only relevant for the application of JPCs in regenerative medicine, but this understanding could also help treating diseases like osteonecrosis of the jaw. In previous studies, we analyzed, for the first time, immunomodulatory features of 2D- and 3D-cultured JPCs.

Jaw Periosteal Cells Seeded in Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Inhibit Dendritic Cell Maturation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained attraction not only in the field of regenerative medicine but also in the field of autoimmune disease therapies or organ transplantation due to their immunoregulatory and/or immunosuppressive features. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune reactions by promoting antigen-specific T cell activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of human jaw periosteal progenitor cells (JPCs) seeded in beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on monocyte-derived DC differentiation.

Establishment of Collagen: Hydroxyapatite/BMP-2 Mimetic Peptide Composites.

Extensive efforts were undertaken to develop suitable biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. To facilitate clinical approval processes and ensure the success of TE applications, bioinspired concepts are currently focused on. Working on bone tissue engineering, we describe in the present study a method for biofunctionalization of collagen/hydroxyapatite composites with BMP-2 mimetic peptides.

iPSC-Derived MSCs Versus Originating Jaw Periosteal Cells: Comparison of Resulting Phenotype and Stem Cell Potential.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (iMSCs) are considered to be a promising source of progenitor cells for approaches in the field of bone regeneration. In a previous study, we described the generation of footprint-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) by transfection of a self-replicating RNA (srRNA) and subsequent differentiation into functional osteogenic progenitor cells. In order to facilitate the prospective transfer into clinical practice, xeno-free reprogramming and differentiation methods were established.

Generation of iPSCs from Jaw Periosteal Cells Using Self-Replicating RNA.

Jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) represent a suitable stem cell source for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. However, challenges associated with limited cell numbers, stressful cell sorting, or the occurrence of cell senescence during in vitro passaging and the associated insufficient osteogenic potential in vitro of JPCs and other mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are main hurdles and still need to be solved. In this study, for the first time, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from human JPCs to open up a new source of stem cells for BTE.

Comparative Study of MSCA-1 and CD146 Isolated Periosteal Cell Subpopulations.

Background/aims: Periosteal tissue is a valuable source of multipotent stem cells for bone tissue engineering. To characterize these cells in detail, we generated an immortalized human cranial periosteal cell line and observed an increased MSCA-1 and CD146 expression, as well as an earlier and stronger mineralization compared to the parental cells. Further, we detected a higher osteogenic potential of MSCA-1high compared to MSCA-1low cranial periosteal cell (CPC) fractions.

Platelet Lysate: The Better Choice for Jaw Periosteal Cell Mineralization.

Previously, we demonstrated a high quality of minerals formed by serum-free cultured jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) by Raman spectroscopy but the mineralization extent was not satisfactory. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and mineralization potential of human platelet lysate- (hPL-) cultured JPCs in comparison to that of FCS-cultured JPCs. By cell impedance measurements, we detected significantly higher population doubling times of PL-cultured JPCs in comparison to FCS-cultured JPCs.

Identification of a novel type of WRKY transcription factor binding site in elicitor-responsive cis-sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana.

Using a combination of bioinformatics and synthetic promoters, novel elicitor-responsive cis-sequences were discovered in promoters of pathogen-upregulated genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. One group of functional sequences contains the conserved core sequence GACTTTT. This core sequence and adjacent nucleotides are essential for elicitor-responsive gene expression in a parsley protoplast system.