Free will: A case study in reconciling phenomenological philosophy with reductionist sciences.

Phenomenology aspires to philosophical analysis of humans' subjective experience while it strives to avoid pitfalls of subjectivity. The first step towards naturalizing phenomenology - making phenomenology scientific - is to reconcile phenomenology with modern physics, on the one hand, and with modern cellular and molecular neuroscience, on the other hand. In this paper, free will is chosen for a case study to demonstrate the feasibility.

The role of pattern recognition in creative problem solving: a case study in search of new mathematics for biology.

Rosen classified sciences into two categories: formalizable and unformalizable. Whereas formalizable sciences expressed in terms of mathematical theories were highly valued by Rutherford, Hutchins pointed out that unformalizable parts of soft sciences are of genuine interest and importance. Attempts to build mathematical theories for biology in the past century was met with modest and sporadic successes, and only in simple systems.

Towards physical dynamic tolerance: an approach to resolve the conflict between free will and physical determinism.

This paper attempts to resolve the conflict between free will and determinism. The problem is approached by demonstrating that: (a) some well-established experimental observations indicate that irreversibility persists at the molecular level, (b) microscopic reversibility is not fully compatible with macroscopic irreversibility, (c) an overall consistency can be maintained if microscopic reversibility is regarded only as an excellent approximation, whereas microscopic irreversibility together with chaos can account for macroscopic reversibility, and (d) endogenous noise serves a vital function of nerve excitation. Thus, the mean of position and momentum specified by a non-deterministic law of motion gives the law its superficially deterministic behavior and predictability, whereas its dispersion grants dynamic tolerance and irreversibility.