Update of the standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population.

Introduction: PHQ-4, consisting of PHQ-2 and GAD-2, is a widely used screening instrument for depressive and anxiety symptoms in clinical settings and in epidemiological studies. In the present study we provide an update of normative data from the German general population.

Methods: Data was collected in two randomly selected samples representative of the German general population in 2020 (N = 2503) and 2021 (N = 2519).

Clinical and economic outcomes of a collaborative cardiology care program.

Objectives: We evaluated a collaborative care program aimed at improving cooperation among general practitioners (GPs) and cardiologists in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. The program focused on improving care for patients with chronic cardiac conditions.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Predictors of change in depressive symptoms in older and multimorbid patients: a longitudinal analysis of the multicare cohort.

Background: Depression in older adults is becoming an increasing concern. As depressive symptoms change over time, it is important to understand the determinants of change in depressive symptoms. The aim of our study is to use a longitudinal study design to explore the predictors of change, remission and incident depression in older patients with multimorbidity.

Performance of the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index translated to ICD-10.

Objectives: To assess the performance of the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) translated to International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) in predicting hospitalizations, mortality, and healthcare-associated costs.

Study Design: Retrospective closed cohort study based on secondary data analysis.

Methods: We translated the aDCSI to ICD-10 and calculated aDCSI scores based on health insurance claims data.