Evaluating the impact, implementation experience and political economy of primary care networks in Kenya: protocol for a mixed methods study.

Background: Primary care networks (PCNs) are increasingly being adopted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to improve the delivery of primary health care (PHC). Kenya has identified PCNs as a key reform to strengthen PHC delivery and has passed a law to guide its implementation. PCNs were piloted in two counties in Kenya in 2020 and implemented nationally in October 2023.

Evaluating the effects, implementation experience and political economy of primary healthcare facility autonomy reforms within counties in Kenya: a mixed methods study protocol.

Introduction: There is a growing emphasis on improving primary health care services and granting frontline service providers more decision-making autonomy. In October 2023, Kenya enacted legislation mandating nationwide facility autonomy. There is limited understanding of the effects of health facility autonomy on primary health care (PHC) facilities performance.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the National Health Insurance Subsidy Programme within Kenya's universal health coverage initiative: a study protocol.

Background: Low-income and middle-income countries, including Kenya, are pursuing universal health coverage (UHC) through the establishment of Social Health Insurance programmes. As Kenya rolls out the recently unveiled UHC strategy that includes a national indigent cover programme, the goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of health insurance subsidy on poor households' healthcare costs and utilisation. We will also assess the effectiveness and equity in the beneficiary identification approach employed.

A mixed methods study examining the impact of primary health care financing transitions on facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya: a study protocol.

Background: Kenya has experienced several health financing changes that have implications for financing primary healthcare (PHC). These include transitions from funding by two key donors (the World Bank and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)) and the abolishment of conditional grants that were earmarked for financing primary healthcare facilities. This protocol lays out study plans to evaluate the impact and implementation experience of these financing changes on PHC facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya.