A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia.

 We describe a new species of snake of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 from Boano Island, northern Maluku         Province, Indonesia. Cylindrophis osheai sp. nov.

Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Non-selective (HCN) Ion Channels Regulate Human and Murine Urinary Bladder Contractility.

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated non-selective (HCN) channels have been demonstrated in the urinary bladder in various species. Since they play a major role in governing rhythmic activity in pacemaker cells like in the sinoatrial node, we explored the role of these channels in human and murine detrusor smooth muscle. In an organ bath, human and murine detrusor smooth muscle specimens were challenged with the HCN channel blocker ZD7288.

A new species of bent-toed gecko, genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia, with taxonomic remarks on C. fumosus (Müller, 1895).

A new species of the gekkonid lizard genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 is described from Klakah, Lumajang Regency, Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia. Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov.

P2Y receptor-mediated transient relaxation of rat longitudinal ileum preparations involves phospholipase C activation, intracellular Ca(2+) release and SK channel activation.

Aim: Purinergic signaling plays a major role in the enteric nervous system, where it governs gut motility through a number of P2X and P2Y receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the P2Y receptor-mediated motility in rat longitudinal ileum preparations.

Methods: Ileum smooth muscle strips were prepared from rats, and fixed in an organ bath.

Age-related decrease of adenosine-mediated relaxation in rat detrusor is a result of A2B receptor downregulation.

Objectives: To analyze the effect of adenosine on detrusor smooth muscle contraction and to assess age-related changes of adenosine function.

Methods: Sustained contractions were induced in young (10-30 days) and old (>60 days) rat detrusor muscle strips by application of 30 mmol/L K(+) and adenosine (0.1-400 µmol/L), which was either applied before raising the K(+) concentration or added to the precontracted muscle strip.