Toward Understanding the Built-in Field in Perovskite Solar Cells through Layer-by-Layer Surface Photovoltage Measurements.

The built-in voltage () is a key parameter for solar cell operation, yet in perovskite solar cells the distribution, magnitude, and origin of the remains poorly understood. In this work, we systematically studied the in -type perovskite solar cells based on different hole transport layers (TLs). To this end, we determine the surface photovoltage (SPV) of partial and complete device stacks layer-by-layer by measuring the work function (WF) under dark and light (equivalent AM1.

Stability and sensitivity of interacting fermionic superfluids to quenched disorder.

The microscopic pair structure of superfluids has profound consequences on their properties. Delocalized pairs are predicted to be less affected by static disorder than localized pairs. Ultracold gases allow tuning the pair size via interactions, where for resonant interaction superfluids show largest critical velocity, i.

Isomeric diammonium passivation for perovskite-organic tandem solar cells.

In recent years, perovskite has been widely adopted in series-connected monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. Perovskite-organic TSCs, comprising a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cell (pero-SC) as the front cell and a narrow-bandgap organic solar cell (OSC) as the rear cell, have recently drawn attention owing to the good stability and potential high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, WBG pero-SCs usually exhibit higher voltage losses than regular pero-SCs, which limits the performance of TSCs.

Disease activity and fatigue in inflammatory arthritis patients with different dietary preferences: a retrospective exploratory cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Recently, diet has received considerable attention as an important factor in inflammatory arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate disease activity and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis (including psoriatic arthritis) depending on their dietary preferences.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of 774 patients collected by the Mida Rheuma App from January 2022 to December 2022.

Renal excretion of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in firefighting instructors after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training.

Exposure of firefighting instructors to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene is unavoidable during live fire training. The study aimed to investigate naphthalene uptake by measuring the urinary excretion of the naphthalene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), to describe the DHN elimination kinetics and to evaluate the results by comparison to further biomarkers of PAH exposure. N = 6 male non-smoking firefighting instructors completed five training sessions each in a residential fire simulation unit under respiratory protection.

Effect of Lifestyle Counselling via a Mobile Application on Disease Activity Control in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Mobile applications (apps) are a resource for information on lifestyle and nutrition which are associated to improved outcomes in inflammatory arthritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether targeted lifestyle counselling via an app improves disease activity in arthritis patients.

Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were randomized to 12 weeks of lifestyle counselling via an app (Mida, Midaia GmbH, Germany) pertaining to a healthy Mediterranean Diet, physical activity, and mental health.

Interface engineering for high-performance, triple-halide perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells.

Improved stability and efficiency of two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells will require reductions in recombination losses. By combining a triple-halide perovskite (1.68 electron volt bandgap) with a piperazinium iodide interfacial modification, we improved the band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction at the electron-selective contact.

Improving interface quality for 1-cm all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells provide high power conversion efficiency at a low cost. Rapid efficiency improvement in small-area (<0.1 cm) tandem solar cells has been primarily driven by advances in low-bandgap (approximately 1.

Overcoming C-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane.

Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity.

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection risk among employees at schools for disabled pupils.

Aim of this project was to assess occupational biological hazards with regard to the risk of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and the need for occupational health care in schools for pupils with special needs. Teachers and educational specialists were surveyed about activities potentially providing exposure to biological agents and their individual immune status regarding HAV and HBV by a detailed questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, group comparisons and logistic regression were performed to identify factors influencing the HAV and HBV immune status.

Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells.

Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells offer the possibility of overcoming the power conversion efficiency limit of conventional silicon solar cells. Various textured tandem devices have been presented aiming at improved optical performance, but optimizing film growth on surface-textured wafers remains challenging. Here we present perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with periodic nanotextures that offer various advantages without compromising the material quality of solution-processed perovskite layers.

Efficacy and safety of a mobile app intervention in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a prospective pilot study.

EULAR highlighted the essential role of digital health in increasing self-management and improving clinical outcomes in patients with arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the digital health application (DHA) in patients with inflammatory arthritis. We assessed demographic parameters, treatment regimen, disease activity, and other patient-reported outcomes at baseline and after 4 weeks of DHA use added to standard care treatment.

Relaxed Current Matching Requirements in Highly Luminescent Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells and Their Fundamental Efficiency Limits.

Perovskite-based tandem solar cells are of increasing interest as they approach commercialization. Here we use experimental parameters from optical spectroscopy measurements to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems, employing currently available bandgap materials, as 42.0% and 40.

Proton Radiation Hardness of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics.

Monolithic [Cs(MA FA )]Pb(IBr)/Cu(In,Ga)Se (perovskite/CIGS) tandem solar cells promise high performance and can be processed on flexible substrates, enabling cost-efficient and ultra-lightweight space photovoltaics with power-to-weight and power-to-cost ratios surpassing those of state-of-the-art III-V semiconductor-based multijunctions. However, to become a viable space technology, the full tandem stack must withstand the harsh radiation environments in space. Here, we design tailored and measurements to show that perovskite/CIGS cells retain over 85% of their initial efficiency even after 68 MeV proton irradiation at a dose of 2 × 10 p/cm.

Measurement Invariance of Three Narcissism Questionnaires Across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany.

With a recent surge of research on narcissism, narcissism questionnaires are increasingly being translated and applied in various countries. The measurement invariance of an instrument across countries is a precondition for being able to compare scores across countries. We investigated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires (Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory [B-PNI], Narcissistic Personality Inventory [NPI], and Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire [NARQ]) and mean-level differences across samples from the United States ( = 2,464), the United Kingdom ( = 307), and Germany ( = 925).

Fine Art of Thermoelectricity.

A detailed study of hitherto unknown electrical and thermoelectric properties of graphite pencil traces on paper was carried out by measuring the Hall and Seebeck effects. We show that the combination of pencil-drawn graphite and brush-painted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films on regular office paper results in extremely simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly thermoelectric power generators with promising output characteristics at low-temperature gradients. The working characteristics can be improved even further by incorporating n-type InSe flakes.

Influence of Radiation on the Properties and the Stability of Hybrid Perovskites.

Organic-inorganic perovskites are well suited for optoelectronic applications. In particular, perovskite single and perovskite tandem solar cells with silicon are close to their market entry. Despite their swift rise in efficiency to more than 21%, solar cell lifetimes are way below the needed 25 years.

Correlation between Electronic Defect States Distribution and Device Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells.

In the present study, random current fluctuations measured at different temperatures and for different illumination levels are used to understand the charge carrier kinetics in methylammonium lead iodide CHNHPbI-based perovskite solar cells. A model, combining trapping/detrapping, recombination mechanisms, and electron-phonon scattering, is formulated evidencing how the presence of shallow and deeper band tail states influences the solar cell recombination losses. At low temperatures, the observed cascade capture process indicates that the trapping of the charge carriers by shallow defects is phonon assisted directly followed by their recombination.

Influence of the Grain Size on the Properties of CHNHPbI Thin Films.

Hybrid perovskites have already shown a huge success as an absorber in solar cells, resulting in the skyrocketing rise in the power conversion efficiency to more than η = 22%. Recently, it has been established that the crystal quality is one of the most important parameters to obtain devices with high efficiencies. However, the influence of the crystal quality on the material properties is not fully understood.

It Takes Two to Tango-Double-Layer Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance and Reduced Hysteresis.

Solar cells made from inorganic-organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large-scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n-i-p structure. Here, a systematic characterization of different electron selective contacts with a variety of chemical and electrical properties in planar n-i-p devices processed below 180 °C is presented.

Radiation Hardness and Self-Healing of Perovskite Solar Cells.

The radiation hardness of CH NH PbI -based solar cells is evaluated from in situ measurements during high-energy proton irradiation. These organic-inorganic perovskites exhibit radiation hardness and withstand proton doses that exceed the damage threshold of crystalline silicon by almost 3 orders of magnitude. Moreover, after termination of the proton irradiation, a self-healing process of the solar cells commences.