Treatment with insulin analogs, especially Glargine and Lispro, associates with better renal function and higher hemoglobin levels in Type 1 diabetic patients with impaired kidney function.

Objectives: The influence of type of insulin treatment - insulin analogs versus human insulin - on the development of diabetes related vascular complications has been sparsely investigated. We examine here possible differences regarding kidney function and hemoglobin levels.

Methods: Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the following characteristics measured in 509 type 1 diabetic patients who were recruited in an outpatient practice: current clinical status and treatment modalities, type of injected insulin and the routine laboratory parameters hemoglobin, HbA1c, serum creatinine, eGFR, hs CRP and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.

Effect of renal function on serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in type 2 diabetic patients in chronic kidney disease stages I-III: A comparative study with HbA1c and glycated albumin.

Background: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a new blood glucose control marker reflecting temporary glucose elevations. However, 1,5-AG is of limited value in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between 1,5-AG levels and renal function in patients with earlier stages of nephropathy compared with another two markers of diabetes control, namely HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA).

Analytical performance of glucose monitoring systems at different blood glucose ranges and analysis of outliers in a clinical setting.

We investigated the analytical accuracy of 27 glucose monitoring systems (GMS) in a clinical setting, using the new ISO accuracy limits. In addition to measuring accuracy at blood glucose (BG) levels < 100 mg/dl and > 100 mg/dl, we also analyzed devices performance with respect to these criteria at 5 specific BG level ranges, making it possible to further differentiate between devices with regard to overall performance. Carbohydrate meals and insulin injections were used to induce an increase or decrease in BG levels in 37 insulin-dependent patients.

Accuracy of self monitoring blood glucose systems in a clinical setting: application of new planned ISO- standards.

Background: The accuracy of glucose meters (GMs) for self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) is essential for preventing insulin dosage errors in insulin injecting diabetic patients. We evaluated the accuracy of 19 commercially available GMs in a clinical setting applying the new planned ISO criteria.

Methods: Capillary blood was taken at 10-minute intervals in insulin dependent patients during induction of a BG increase and decrease by administration of a standardized carbohydrate rich meal and/or injection of an appropriate dosage of insulin under medical supervision.

Insulin requirements in patients with diabetes and declining kidney function: differences between insulin analogues and human insulin?

Objectives: In diabetic nephropathy the decline of renal function causes modifications of the insulin and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in changed insulin requirements. The aim of the present study was to identify potential differences in the requirements of human insulin and various insulin analogues in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and renal dysfunction.

Methods: The insulin requirements of 346 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus under everyday life circumstances were assessed in an observational study.

Safety and accuracy of a new long-term subconjunctival glucose sensor.

Background: A new biosensor has been developed by EyeSense (Großostheim, Germany) that is placed into the conjunctiva of one eye to measure the glucose concentration of the surrounding tissue in a non-invasive manner. In the present study we investigated the correlation between glucose concentrations measured by the EyeSense implant and those determined by finger prick testing, as well as the tolerability and safety of the implant over a 16-week period.

Methods: The study was performed in 28 diabetic patients.