Can Serum and Saliva Inflammatory Cytokines Be Considered a Reliable Marker in Chronic Oral Graft-Versus-Host Disease Patients?

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and oral lichen planus (LPO) are chronic inflammatory conditions with similar oral manifestations. This study aimed to assess whether serum and salivary cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17) could serve as reliable biomarkers for cGVHD. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving cGVHD patients, LPO patients, and healthy controls.

Maxillary Sinusitis Following Orthognathic Surgery: Should It Be Considered Odontogenic Sinusitis?

Maxillary sinusitis is a recognized complication following dental procedures, but its occurrence after orthognathic surgery, such as Le Fort osteotomies, remains less documented. This case report presents a 58-year-old female who developed unilateral maxillary sinusitis 23 years post-orthognathic surgery. The patient was asymptomatic, aside from occasional cacosmia, and was incidentally found to have sinus opacification on a computed tomography (CT) scan performed for implant-prosthetic rehabilitation.

Sinusitis Management in Odontogenic Sinusitis.

For odontogenic sinusitis (ODS), appropriately treating the infectious dental pathology and sinusitis leads to disease resolution in greater than 90% of cases. Importantly, managing the sinusitis of ODS is distinct from non-odontogenic rhinosinusitis. The main factors affecting ODS management decision-making include whether patients present with complicated ODS (extrasinus infectious spread), whether they have treatable dental pathology, and whether they have high dental versus sinusitis symptom burdens.

Vascular mimicry and mosaic vessels in parathyroid tumours: a new diagnostic approach?

Aims: Evaluation of 'alternative' vascularisation in human cancer is considered an important prognostic parameter; the 2022 WHO classification of parathyroid tumours despite progresses in clinical triaging of patients strongly emphasises new histopathological parameters to properly stratify these lesions. 'Alternative' and 'classic' vessels were here investigated for the first time in parathyroid tumours for their possible histopathological and clinical relevance during progression.

Methods: Using a double CD31/PAS staining, microvessel density (MVD, 'classic' CD31+ vessels), mosaic vessel density (MoVD, 'alternative' CD31+/-vessels) and vessel mimicry density (VMD, 'alternative' CD31-/PAS+ vessels) were evaluated in 4 normal parathyroid glands (N), 50 Adenomas (A), 35 Atypical Tumours (AT) and 10 Carcinomas (K).

Collaboration between otolaryngologists and oral surgeons in maxillary sinus elevation planning.

Background: The collaboration between otolaryngologists and dental providers is crucial for the planning and execution of maxillary sinus elevation (MSE) procedures, which are integral to successful dental implant placements.

Purpose: This article examines the essential role of otolaryngological assessments in identifying potential sinonasal risks that could impact the outcomes of MSE.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of existing literature was conducted.

Efficacy and safety of middle turbinate surgery: a systematic review.

Purpose: Middle turbinate (MT) surgery is extremely common during endoscopic sinus surgery procedures, though no agreement exists on which techniques provide the best outcomes. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to assess which MT surgery technique yields the least postoperative adverse effects and the best objective and subjective outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive search criteria was conducted in multiple databases up to July 3, 2023, to identify studies reporting surgical treatments of the MT.

Pediatric Odontogenic Sinusitis: A Systematic Review.

: Pediatric odontogenic sinusitis (PODS) is a rare condition with limited research on its clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options. The current guidelines on pediatric rhinosinusitis do not mention a possible dental origin of the disease. This systematic review aims to summarize and analyze the existing literature on PODS, focusing on epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic tools, complications, treatment options, and outcomes.

Switching of biological therapy to dupilumab in comorbid patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP.

Purpose: Nowadays, several efficacious biologic drugs are used for severe asthma with or without chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, it has been observed that not all comorbid patients (asthma/CRSwNP) receiving biologic treatment for asthma experience satisfactory control of both conditions equally.

Methods: We selected 20 patients who had both severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP under biological treatment with benralizumab, omalizumab or mepolizumab with adequate control of asthma but inadequate control of nasal symptoms.

Reliability of large language models in managing odontogenic sinusitis clinical scenarios: a preliminary multidisciplinary evaluation.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) versions 3.5 and 4, in managing complex otolaryngological clinical scenarios, specifically for the multidisciplinary management of odontogenic sinusitis (ODS).

Methods: A prospective, structured multidisciplinary specialist evaluation was conducted using five ad hoc designed ODS-related clinical scenarios.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Does Not Reduce the Risk of Temporary and Definitive Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage during Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic Findings from 73,325 Nerves at Risk.

Background: While intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) helps the early identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage, IONM's role in RLN damage prevention is not defined, given the lack of large studies on the subject.

Methods: In a PRISMA-compliant framework, all original thyroid surgery prospective studies providing early postoperative endoscopic data for all patients were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. We compared the temporary (and definitive where available) RLN damage rates according to IONM use and IONM type (intermittent, I-IONM, or continuous, C-IONM).

Are artificial intelligence large language models a reliable tool for difficult differential diagnosis? An a posteriori analysis of a peculiar case of necrotizing otitis externa.

Key Clinical Message: Large language models have made artificial intelligence readily available to the general public and potentially have a role in healthcare; however, their use in difficult differential diagnosis is still limited, as demonstrated by a case of necrotizing otitis externa.

Abstract: This case report presents a peculiar case of necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) with skull base involvement which proved diagnostically challenging. The initial patient presentation and the imaging performed on the 78-year-old patient suggested a neoplastic rhinopharyngeal lesion and only after several unsuccessful biopsies the patient was transferred to our unit.

A parathyroid cancer with soporous state, depression, and severe cognitive decline in acute renal failure.

Key Clinical Message: Soporous state in acute renal failure represent an atypical presentation of parathyroid cancer. Complete prompt investigations and diagnosis have a fundamental role in the management of this disease.

Abstract: This report describes a case of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) with an uncommon first clinical presentation: soporous state, depression, and severe cognitive decline in association with acute renal failure.

How to avoid intraoperative and postoperative complications in maxillary sinus elevation.

Maxillary sinus floor elevation, via the lateral approach, is one of the most predictable bone augmentation procedures performed in implant dentistry. but both intra- and postoperative complications can occur, and some of them are severe. Our aim is as follows: To review the pertinent literature on the topic, especially assessing the risk factors related to complications.

Sirolimus treatment for paediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations: a systematic review.

Purpose: This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aimed to assess risks and benefits of sirolimus treatment for paediatric lymphatic malformations by focusing not only on treatment efficacy but also on possible treatment-related adverse events, and treatment combinations with other techniques.

Methods: Search criteria were applied to MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases and included all studies published up to March 2022 reporting paediatric lymphatic malformations treated with sirolimus.

Nasal Cytology on 241 Children: From Birth to the First 3 Years of Life and Association with Common Airways Diseases.

Background: Nasal cytology at birth and in the pediatric age is barely investigated regarding its association with the onset of common pediatric diseases.

Methods: We enrolled 241 newborns within their first 24 h of life, studying their nasal cellular composition and repeating this at 1 and 3 years of life. We collected anamneses of perinatal factors and external factors (parental smoking, passive smoking, breastfeeding), and the prevalence of otitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, asthma, and allergy at all timepoints.

Video-Assisted Cleft Palate Surgery: Preclinical Comparison Between Endoscope- and Exoscope-Based Approaches.

Using both endoscope and exoscope in cleft soft palate surgery is not widespread, despite the potential advantages related to view magnification, ergonomic posture of the surgeon, and involvement of the surgical team. The aim of the current study is to compare endoscopic (Olympus Visera) and exoscopic (Karl-Storz Vitom) assistance in cleft soft palate surgery in a preclinical cadaver setting. A formalin fixed specimen was dissected to mimic the anatomical conditions of a cleft soft palate.

Implementation of Routine Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging in the Evaluation of Oral and Upper Airways Lesions in Oral Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Preliminary Study.

(1) Background: The aim of our study is to investigate the main oral lesion patterns in patients with oral graft-versus-host disease and to describe and validate the use of endoscopy enhanced with narrow-band imaging (NBI) as a personalized, reliable and user-friendly tool for the early detection of oral potentially diseases. (2) Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 20 patients with chronic GVHD and with oral manifestations, who were referred to our "Interdisciplinary Center for Oropharyngeal Pathology (CIPO)" from January 2017 to July 2022. (3) Results: Data on GVHD, oral localization and NBI endoscopic evaluation are collected.

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning in rhinology: a systematic review.

Purpose: This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to analyze the existing applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and deep learning for rhinological purposes and compare works in terms of data pool size, AI systems, input and outputs, and model reliability.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases.

Lyme neuroborreliosis as a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and facial palsy.

We present a case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and rapidly progressive facial palsy in a female patient in her 40s with no, apparently, notable past medical or surgical history. Investigations revealed a positive serology for and the MRI allowed us to identify suggestive signs of Lyme meningitis with multiple cranial nerve involvement. After diagnosis, the patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone with a full recovery of sensorineural deafness and facial palsy.