Salmon-IgM Functionalized-PLGA Nanosystem for Florfenicol Delivery as an Antimicrobial Strategy against .

Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), caused by , has been the most severe health concern for the Chilean salmon industry. The efforts to control infections have focused on using antibiotics and vaccines. However, infected salmonids exhibit limited responses to the treatments.

Tellurite Promotes Stress Granules and Nuclear SG-Like Assembly in Response to Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage.

Tellurium oxyanion, tellurite ( ), is a highly toxic compound for many organisms. Its presence in the environment has increased over the past years due to industrial manufacturing processes and has been associated with adverse effects on human health. Although tellurite induces the phosphorylation of eIF2α, DNA damage and oxidative stress, the molecular mechanisms related to the cellular responses to tellurite-induced stress are poorly understood.

HS and Enterotoxigenic Hinder Stress Granule Assembly.

, one of the most abundant bacterial species in the human gut microbiota, has developed a mutualistic relationship with its host, regulating immunological responses. In contrast, enterotoxigenic (ETEC), one of the main etiologic agents of diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in developing countries, has developed mechanisms to reduce the immune-activator effect to carry out a successful infection. Following infection, the host cell initiates the shutting-off of protein synthesis and stress granule (SG) assembly.

Fnr and ArcA Regulate Lipid A Hydroxylation in Enteritidis by Controlling Expression in Response to Oxygen Availability.

Lipid A is the bioactive component of lipopolysaccharide, and presents a dynamic structure that undergoes modifications in response to environmental signals. Many of these structural modifications influence virulence. This is the case of lipid A hydroxylation, a modification catalyzed by the dioxygenase LpxO.

The [Mo₆Cl] Cluster is Biologically Secure and Has Anti-Rotavirus Activity In Vitro.

The molybdenum cluster [Mo₆Cl] is a fluorescent component with potential for use in cell labelling and pharmacology. Biological safety and antiviral properties of the cluster are as yet unknown. Here, we show the effect of acute exposition of human cells and red blood cells to the molybdenum cluster and its interaction with proteins and antiviral activity in vitro.

Vegetating Candidiasis: A Mimicker of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Keratitis Ichthyosis Deafness Syndrome.

Keratitis ichthyosis deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare genodermatosis with a high risk of cutaneous malignancy and infections. Infections can induce pseudocarcinomatous epidermal hyperplasia, leading to erroneous diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. We present a pediatric case of KID syndrome with vegetating plantar and acral candidiasis and highlight the importance of correct biopsy technique and clinicopathologic correlation in appropriate management.

O-antigen chain-length distribution in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is regulated by oxygen availability.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) consists of three covalently linked domains: the lipid A, the core region and the O antigen (OAg), consisting of repeats of an oligosaccharide. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) produces a LPS with two OAg preferred chain lengths: a long (L)-OAg controlled by WzzSE and a very long (VL)-OAg controlled by WzzfepE.