The Effect of Blood Pressure on Rates of Progression in Focal Ischemic versus Generalized Cup Enlargement Glaucoma Phenotypes.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of blood pressure (BP) on rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in glaucomatous eyes with focal ischemic (FI) versus generalized enlargement (GE) optic disc phenotypes.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: The study included 122 eyes from 101 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Impact of race and ethnicity on glaucoma progression detection by perimetry and optical coherence tomography.

This study assessed the impact of race and ethnicity on longitudinal test variability and time to detect glaucoma progression using standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The sample consisted of 47,003 SAP tests from 5402 eyes and 25,480 OCT tests from 4125 eyes, with 20% of participants self-identifying as Black or African American and 80% as White; 29% as Hispanic or Latino and 71% as Not Hispanic or Latino. Variability was measured using standard deviations of residuals from linear regression models for SAP mean deviation (MD) and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness over time.

Accelerated Epigenetic Aging is Associated with Faster Glaucoma Progression: A DNA Methylation Study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between epigenetic age acceleration and glaucoma progression.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: 100 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with fast progression and 100 POAG patients with slow progression.

Estimated Rates of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss with Aging.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aging on estimated retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counts over time in healthy eyes, obtained from a combination of structural and functional information.

Design: Longitudinal observational cohort study.

Participants: One hundred healthy eyes of 50 subjects.

Big data for imaging assessment in glaucoma.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with many individuals unaware of their condition until advanced stages, resulting in significant visual field impairment. Despite effective treatments, over 110 million people are projected to have glaucoma by 2040. Early detection and reliable monitoring are crucial to prevent vision loss.

Association Between Greater Social Vulnerability and Delayed Glaucoma Surgery.

Purpose: Timing of surgical intervention in glaucoma is crucial to preserving sight. While ocular characteristics that increase surgical risk are known, the impact of neighborhood-level social risk factors such as the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on time to glaucoma surgery is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between SVI or ADI scores and the timing of glaucoma surgical intervention.

Impact of Social Vulnerability Index on the Development of Severe Visual Impairment or Blindness From Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate whether geocoded social risk factor data predict the development of severe visual impairment or blindness due to glaucoma during follow-up using a large electronic health record (EHR) database.

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) at a tertiary care institution.

Social history and glaucoma progression: the effect of body mass index, tobacco and alcohol consumption on the rates of structural change in patients with glaucoma.

Background/aims: Although obesity, tobacco and alcohol consumption were linked to the progression of numerous chronic diseases, an association of these social history aspects with glaucoma progression is not yet determined. This study aims to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and history of tobacco and alcohol use on the rates of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) change over time in glaucoma patients.

Methods: 2839 eyes of 1584 patients with glaucoma from the Duke Ophthalmic Registry were included.

Visual Field Outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study.

Purpose: To describe visual field outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (PTVT) Study.

Design: Cohort analysis.

Participants: A total of 155 eyes (155 subjects) randomly assigned to treatment with tube shunt surgery (n = 84) or trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (n = 71).

Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Optic Disc Photo Assessment in Glaucoma Screening.

Prcis: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optic disc photography present valuable but distinct capabilities for glaucoma screening.

Objective: This review article examines the strengths and limitations of OCT and optic disc photography in glaucoma screening.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the accuracy, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and technological advancements in OCT and optic disc photography for glaucoma screening.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Glaucoma Severity at Initial Diagnosis: A Nationwide Electronic Health Record Cohort Analysis.

Purpose: To assess disparities in initial disease severity among open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: In this analysis of Epic Cosmos, an aggregated electronic health record dataset encompassing >213 million patients, OAG patients examined in ophthalmology or optometry clinics between January 1, 2013, and June 1, 2023, were evaluated.

Performance of Linear Mixed Models in Estimating Structural Rates of Glaucoma Progression Using Varied Random Effect Distributions.

Purpose: To compare how linear mixed models (LMMs) using Gaussian, Student , and log-gamma (LG) random effect distributions estimate rates of structural loss in a glaucomatous population using OCT and to compare model performance to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: Patients in the Bascom Palmer Glaucoma Repository (BPGR).

Short-term Detection of Fast Progressors in Glaucoma: The Fast Progression Assessment through Clustered Evaluation (Fast-PACE) Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of an intensive, clustered testing approach in identifying eyes with rapid glaucoma progression over 6 months in the Fast Progression Assessment through Clustered Evaluation (Fast-PACE) Study.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: A total of 125 eyes from 65 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects.

Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Promotes Tocolytic and Anti-Dysmenorrhea Effects in Rodents.

Introduction: Carvacrol is a phenolic constituent of essential oils that has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Method: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro spasmolytic and in vivo anti-dysmenorrhea potential of a nanoemulsion-containing carvacrol (nanoCARV).

Results: In isolated rat uterus, nanoCARV reduced spontaneous contractions (pEC50 = 3.

Single Administration of Bimatoprost Implant: Effects on 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure and 1-Year Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a single bimatoprost implant administration on 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering at 8 weeks, and 1-year IOP-lowering efficacy and safety outcomes.

Design: Multicenter, open-label, 12-month, phase 3b study (NCT04285580).

Participants: Adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Improved Prediction of Perimetric Loss in Glaucomatous Eyes Using Latent Class Mixed Modeling.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the identification of distinct classes within a population of glaucoma patients improves estimates of future perimetric loss.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: A total of 6558 eyes of 3981 subjects from the Duke Ophthalmic Registry with ≥ 5 reliable standard automated perimetry (SAP) tests and ≥ 2 years of follow-up.

Hazard Detection During Simulated Driving in Glaucoma Patients.

Prcis: In this cross-sectional study, glaucoma patients showed slower reaction times (RTs) to hazardous situations when compared with control subjects during simulated driving. Worse RTs were associated with a greater magnitude of visual field loss.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different hazardous traffic conditions on driving performance in glaucoma patients using a high-fidelity driving simulator.

Intraocular Pressure and Rates of Macular Thinning in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the rates of macular thickness (ganglion cell layer [GCL] and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer [GCIPL]) change over time measured by spectral-domain (SD) OCT.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Overall, 451 eyes of 256 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Systematic User-centered Design of a Prototype Clinical Decision Support System for Glaucoma.

Purpose: To rigorously develop a prototype clinical decision support (CDS) system to help clinicians determine the appropriate timing for follow-up visual field testing for patients with glaucoma and to identify themes regarding the context of use for glaucoma CDS systems, design requirements, and design solutions to meet these requirements.

Design: Semistructured qualitative interviews and iterative design cycles.

Participants: Clinicians who care for patients with glaucoma, purposefully sampled to ensure a representation of a range of clinical specialties (glaucoma specialist, general ophthalmologist, optometrist) and years in clinical practice.

Spinal Adhesive Arachnoiditis: A Literature Review.

Adhesive arachnoiditis (AA) is a rare inflammatory and scar-forming disease with several etiologies that may lead to incapacitating sequelae if not managed early. Nevertheless, as the onset of symptoms varies from days to years, the etiology is not often discovered. The disease is characterized by adhesions disrupting the cerebrospinal fluid flow and causing encapsulation and atrophy of the nerve root.