Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions and hesitancy remains limited. This review aims to identify and analyze studies addressing two key questions: what influences the decision to vaccinate and what factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy.

Gender-dependent effect of physical activity on the risk of incident multimorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the PAMPA cohort, Brazil.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident multimorbidity in adults from southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design: Prospective Study.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Prospective Study about Physical and Mental Health (PAMPA) cohort, a longitudinal study of adults living in southern Brazil.

Body composition assessment in individuals with class II/III obesity: a narrative review.

Background: Individuals with class II/III obesity have a high percentage of body fat. Assessing body composition in cases of severe obesity can be difficult and controversial both in clinical practice and scientific research. Thus, it is essential to explore the different aspects of evaluating body composition and to discuss the available methods to assess it in this population.

Independent, Stratified, and Joint Associations of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Recent statistics highlight cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as a major global cause of death. This review examines the methodological approaches and the main results of independent, stratified, and joint association of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) on CVD outcomes.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective cohorts that examined the independent, stratified, or joint associations of ST and PA with CVD outcomes.

Association between food insecurity and long COVID in adults from southern Brazil: findings of the PAMPA cohort.

Background: Social and economic factors, such as food insecurity, contribute to long coronavirus disease (COVID). During the pandemic, a significant rise in food insecurity was observed, both in Brazil and worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and long COVID in Brazilian adults.

Longitudinal impact of leisure-time physical activity on pain intensity and daily activity limitation in people with low back pain. Findings from the PAMPA cohort.

Objective: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between leisure-time physical activity and outcomes related to low back pain (LBP), such as pain intensity and daily activity limitation.

Methods: We analyzed data from the PAMPA (Prospective Study about Mental and Physical Health) cohort, a longitudinal study with adults residing in Southern Brazil. Participants answered an online-based, self-administered questionnaire.

Multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19 in a municipality in the Southern Region of Brazil, 2020-2021: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess association between multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19, in southern Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from a longitudinal study carried out in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2021 with all adult individuals diagnosed with COVID-19; descriptive analyses were performed and presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI); Poisson regression was performed and reported as prevalence ratios (PR) in order to assess association between multimorbidity (3 or more diseases) and healthcare service use.

Results: In total, 2,919 participants were included, of which 40.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Sport Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review.

The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and sport performance in athletes and physically active individuals. This review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (P RISMA). The search had no time limits and included the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and SP ORT Discus.

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID in adults from Southern Brazil: findings from the PAMPA cohort.

Most COVID-19 survivors have reported experiencing persistent symptoms after the infection - these types of cases are known as long COVID. Since Brazil was an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, a high burden of long COVID is expected. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with long COVID in adults in Southern Brazil, analyzing data from the PAMPA cohort.

The effects of blueberry and cranberry supplementation on blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Blueberries and cranberries are berry fruits with the highest number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focusing on blood pressure (BP). This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs analyzed the effects of blueberry and cranberry supplementation alone and in concert with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. The searches were performed until August 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase.

Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with high rates of ICU mortality, length of stay, and invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 : NRL and severe COVID-19.

Neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a complementary marker in intensive care. This study aimed to associate high NLR values with mortality as the primary outcome, and length of stay and need for invasive mechanical ventilation as secondary outcomes, in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A cross-sectional study encompassing 189 critically ill patients with COVID-19 was performed.

Factors associated with status and self-perceived mental health changes in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

The SARS-CoV-2-triggered Public Health Emergency of International Importance has significantly contributed to emotional and mental health issues. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with self-perceived mental health changes while facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that collected data via a web survey using a validated instrument.

Physical Activity During Adolescence and Mental Health in Early Adulthood: Findings From the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Low prevalence of physical activity (PA) and a high prevalence of mental health problems are common among youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PA during adolescence and depression and anxiety disorders in young adulthood.

Methods: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed.

Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys in India and Brazil.

Introduction: Multimorbidity has emerged as a major healthcare challenge in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Brazil. Life course epidemiology suggests that adverse events in early life contribute to an individual's later health in adulthood. However, little is known about the influence of early life health and social factors on the development of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs.

A distributional regression approach to modeling the impact of structural and intermediary social determinants on communities burdened by tuberculosis in Eastern Amazonia - Brazil.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is influenced by social determinants of health. However, the specific structural and intermediary determinants of TB in Eastern Amazonia remain unclear. Despite being rich in natural resources, the region faces significant challenges related to poverty, inequality, and neglected diseases.

Sex distinctions regarding serum zinc levels in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: Men and women exhibit different presentations in COVID-19. In X chromosome, changes in zinc finger domains cause disorders of sex development. So, we aimed to evaluate sex distinctions regarding serum zinc in severe COVID-19.

Care seek behavior for low back pain in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel data analysis.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with low back pain (LBP) might have avoided seeking care for their pain. We aimed to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected LBP care seeking behavior among adults.

Methods: Data from four assessments of the PAMPA cohort were analyzed.

Incidence of memory complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: findings from PAMPA cohort.

Unlabelled: Population-level studies investigating the incidence of memory complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the incidence of memory complaints over 15 months during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults from Southern Brazil.

Methods: Data from the PAMPA (Prospective Study about Mental and Physical Health in Adults) cohort, a longitudinal study with adults residing in Southern Brazil, were analyzed.

Association of Sleep Duration and Use of Sleeping Medication with Multimorbidity in Adults: Results from the PAMPA (Brazil) Cohort Study.

 To analyze the association of sleep duration and use of sleeping medication with multimorbidity.  We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Prospective Study about Mental and Physical Health (PAMPA) cohort. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more conditions from a list of twelve health problems.

A Scoping Review of Vitamin D for Nonskeletal Health: A Framework for Evidence-based Clinical Practice.

Background: Low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are prevalent worldwide. Although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation have focused on skeletal disorders (eg, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis), emerging evidence for nonskeletal health merits further discussion.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to critically examine the vitamin D supplementation literature pertaining to nonskeletal health to help guide clinicians.

Overweight, obesity and risk of multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in the databases of Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between overweight and/or obesity with the risk of multimorbidity.

Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in Pelotas: design and baseline results.

Objetivo: To describe the initial baseline results of a population-based study, as well as a protocol in order to evaluate the performance of different machine learning algorithms with the objective of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in a representative sample of adults from the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

Methods: The study is entitled "Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)" (https://wp.ufpel.