Contribution of IDO to human respiratory syncytial virus infection.

IDO is an enzyme that participates in the degradation of tryptophan (Trp), which is an essential amino acid necessary for vital cellular processes. The degradation of Trp and the metabolites generated by the enzymatic activity of IDO can have immunomodulating effects, notably over T cells, which are particularly sensitive to the absence of Trp and leads to the inhibition of T cell activation, cell death, and the suppression of T cell effector functions. Noteworthy, T cells participate in the cellular immune response against the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and are essential for viral clearance, as well as the total recovery of the host.

Contribution of Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Immunity to the Pathogenesis Caused by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in humans at all ages and is the main cause of hospitalization due to pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis in infants. hRSV symptoms mainly develop due to an excessive host immune and inflammatory response in the respiratory tissue. hRSV infection during life is frequent and likely because of non-optimal immunological memory is developed against this virus.

Human Metapneumovirus: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets Used by the Virus to Avoid the Immune System.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory virus, first reported the year 2001. Since then, it has been described as one of the main etiological agents that causes acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), which is characterized by symptoms such as bronchiolitis, wheezing and coughing. Susceptible population to hMPV-infection includes newborn, children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals.

[Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a pediatric patient: case report].

Unlabelled: Genetic variability related to the host immune system has been proposed as one of the most influential factors in the development of diseases caused by HPV.

Clinical Case: We report the case of a 5-year-old child in whom chronic laryngeal papillomatosis, probably acquired vertically during labor, was detected. The diagnosis of laryngeal papillomatosis was confirmed with a biopsy after a first surgery to remove the papillomas.