Decoding the Versatile Landscape of Autophagic Protein VMP1 in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review across Tissue Types and Regulatory Mechanisms.

Autophagy, a catabolic process orchestrating the degradation of proteins and organelles within lysosomes, is pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its dual role in cancer involves preventing malignant transformation while fostering progression and therapy resistance. Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is an essential autophagic protein whose expression, per se, triggers autophagy, being present in the whole autophagic flux.

Ubiquitination Is a Novel Post-Translational Modification of VMP1 in Autophagy of Human Tumor Cells.

Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy. Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is an essential autophagy protein.

Evaluating Autophagy Levels in Two Different Pancreatic Cell Models Using LC3 Immunofluorescence.

Autophagy is a specialized catabolic process that selectively degrades cytoplasmic components, including proteins and damaged organelles. Autophagy allows cells to physiologically respond to stress stimuli and, thus, maintain cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells might modulate their autophagy levels to adapt to adverse conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, or damage caused by chemotherapy.

A Novel E2F1-EP300-VMP1 Pathway Mediates Gemcitabine-Induced Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Carrying Oncogenic KRAS.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily preserved degradation process of cytoplasmic cellular constituents, which participates in cell response to disease. We previously characterized VMP1 (Vacuole Membrane Protein 1) as an essential autophagy related protein that mediates autophagy in pancreatic diseases. We also demonstrated that VMP1-mediated autophagy is induced by HIF-1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) in colon-cancer tumor cell lines, conferring resistance to photodynamic treatment.

Initial Steps in Mammalian Autophagosome Biogenesis.

During the last decade, autophagy has been pointed out as a central process in cellular homeostasis with the consequent implication in most cellular settings and human diseases pathology. At present, there is significant data available about molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy. Nevertheless, autophagy pathway itself and its importance in different cellular aspects are still not completely clear.