Urologic Imaging of the Bladder: Cancers and Mimics.

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a significant global health challenge with notable incidence and mortality rates. Despite treatment advancements, its management remains complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Imaging techniques play a pivotal role in diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning by aiding lesion localization, differentiation, and assessment of tumor extent.

Enhancing ensemble classifiers utilizing gaze tracking data for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.

Problem: Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains a significant challenge, especially in regions where access to specialists is limited. Computer-based approaches offer a promising solution to make diagnosis more accessible. Eye tracking has emerged as a valuable technique in aiding the diagnosis of ASD.

Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Infection in Two Mouse Strains.

Our study investigated the innate immune response to infection by assessing microglial phenotypic changes and sickness behavior as inflammatory response markers post-ocular tachyzoite instillation. Disease progression in Swiss albino mice was compared with the previously documented outcomes in BALB/c mice using an identical ocular route and parasite burden (2 × 10 tachyzoites), with saline as the control. Contrary to expectations, the Swiss albino mice displayed rapid, lethal disease progression, marked by pronounced sickness behaviors and mortality within 11-12 days post-infection, while the survivors exhibited no apparent signs of infection.

Computer-aided autism diagnosis using visual attention models and eye-tracking: replication and improvement proposal.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis can be aided by approaches based on eye-tracking signals. Recently, the feasibility of building Visual Attention Models (VAMs) from features extracted from visual stimuli and their use for classifying cases and controls has been demonstrated using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. The present work has three aims: 1) to evaluate whether the trained classifier from the previous study was generalist enough to classify new samples with a new stimulus; 2) to replicate the previously approach to train a new classifier with a new dataset; 3) to evaluate the performance of classifiers obtained by a new classification algorithm (Random Forest) using the previous and the current datasets.

Pathological beige remodeling induced by cancer cachexia depends on the disease severity and involves mainly the trans-differentiation of mature white adipocytes.

In cancer associated cachexia (CAC), white adipose tissue undergoes morphofunctional and inflammatory changes that lead to tissue dysfunction and remodeling. In addition to metabolic changes in white adipose tissues (WAT), adipose tissue atrophy has been implicated in several clinical complications and poor prognoses associated with cachexia. Adipocyte atrophy may be associated with increased beige remodeling in human CAC as evidenced by the "beige remodeling" observed in preclinical models of CAC.

Injuries and complaints in the Brazilian national volleyball male team: a case study.

Background: The literature reports a vast amount of epidemiological information on injuries in volleyball athletes. However, little is known about the incidence of injuries in elite athletes of international level participating in major competitions, such as world championships and Olympic games. The objective of the study was to analyse the incidence of injuries in elite professional volleyball athletes, and the prevalence of complaints reported by athletes.

Can 3-Phase Computed Tomography Urography Be Used to Characterize Adrenal Nodules? Results in 145 Patients.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine whether computed tomography (CT) urography (CTU) can characterize incidental adrenal nodules.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed at an academic medical center. Patients were identified by free text search of CTU reports that contained the terms "adrenal mass" "adrenal nodule" and "adrenal lesion.

Assessment of vulnerability dimensions considering Family History and environmental interplay in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Despite previous studies have recently shown Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as having a strong genetics background, over a minimum environmental background, no study up to date has investigated the interplay between genetics and environment.

Methods: We have collected data regarding Family History (FH) and Environmental Factors (EF) from 2,141 individuals with ASD and their caretakers throughout Brazil, based on an online questionnaire. Most of the ASD individuals were males (81%) and the average age was 02 years minimum for males and females, and the maximum age was 41 years for males and 54 for females.

Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes After Ocular Conjunctival Infection in BALB/c Mice.

Ocular infection with causes toxoplasmosis in mice. However, following ocular infection with tachyzoites, the cause of the accompanying progressive changes in hippocampal-dependent tasks, and their relationship with the morphology and number of microglia, is less well understood. Here, in 6-month-old, female BALB/c mice, 5 μl of a suspension containing 48.

International Multi-Site Initiative to Develop an MRI-Inclusive Nomogram for Side-Specific Prediction of Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer.

Background: To develop an international, multi-site nomogram for side-specific prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer based on clinical, biopsy, and magnetic resonance imaging- (MRI) derived data.

Methods: Ten institutions from the USA and Europe contributed clinical and side-specific biopsy and MRI variables of consecutive patients who underwent prostatectomy. A logistic regression model was used to develop a nomogram for predicting side-specific EPE on prostatectomy specimens.

Computer-aided autism diagnosis based on visual attention models using eye tracking.

An advantage of using eye tracking for diagnosis is that it is non-invasive and can be performed in individuals with different functional levels and ages. Computer/aided diagnosis using eye tracking data is commonly based on eye fixation points in some regions of interest (ROI) in an image. However, besides the need for every ROI demarcation in each image or video frame used in the experiment, the diversity of visual features contained in each ROI may compromise the characterization of visual attention in each group (case or control) and consequent diagnosis accuracy.

The look ahead trace back optimizer for genomic selection under transparent and opaque simulators.

Recent advances in genomic selection (GS) have demonstrated the importance of not only the accuracy of genomic prediction but also the intelligence of selection strategies. The look ahead selection algorithm, for example, has been found to significantly outperform the widely used truncation selection approach in terms of genetic gain, thanks to its strategy of selecting breeding parents that may not necessarily be elite themselves but have the best chance of producing elite progeny in the future. This paper presents the look ahead trace back algorithm as a new variant of the look ahead approach, which introduces several improvements to further accelerate genetic gain especially under imperfect genomic prediction.

Arguments against using an abbreviated or biparametric prostate MRI protocol.

Currently there is a lot of interest in the use of a "biparametric" or "abbreviated" prostate MR protocol, which usually refers to removal of the dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. In this article we describe the benefits of DCE as part of the PI-RADS lexicon, with particular reference to its role in PI-RADS V2 category 3 peripheral zone lesions. We also discuss the benefits of triplanar T2-weighted images, and finally discuss how a mpMRI protocol is of benefit in prostate cancer staging, in evaluating for local disease recurrence, and as a biomarker for neoadjuvant therapy response.

Food Selection of Cafeteria Diet Affects Memory Dysfunction Related to Obesity.

Cafeteria diet (CAF) mimics human Western diet and has been used in animal models to study obesity. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that our CAF model induces metabolic disorder related to obesity and affects recognition memory in Wistar rats. We also compared the intake of two different soft drinks, as part of the CAF, on recognition memory.

Toll-Like Receptor-4 Disruption Suppresses Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Increases Survival in Cancer Cachexia Syndrome.

Cancer-induced cachexia, characterized by systemic inflammation, body weight loss, adipose tissue (AT) remodeling and muscle wasting, is a malignant metabolic syndrome with undefined etiology. Here, we show that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 were able to attenuate the main clinical markers of cachexia in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). AT remodelling was not found in LLC tumor-bearing (TB) TLR4 mice due to reduced macrophage infiltration and adipocyte atrophy.

Early suppression of adipocyte lipid turnover induces immunometabolic modulation in cancer cachexia syndrome.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by body weight loss, atrophy of adipose tissue (AT) and systemic inflammation. However, there is limited information regarding the mechanisms of immunometabolic response in AT from cancer cachexia. Male Wistar rats were inoculated with 2 × 10 of Walker 256 tumor cells [tumor bearing (TB) rats].

Cancer cachexia differentially regulates visceral adipose tissue turnover.

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a progressive metabolic syndrome that is marked by severe body weight loss. Metabolic disarrangement of fat tissues is a very early event in CC, followed by adipose tissue (AT) atrophy and remodelling. However, there is little information regarding the possible involvement of cellular turnover in this process.

Comparison of the learning curves and frustration level in performing laparoscopic and robotic training skills by experts and novices.

Introduction: Robotic assistance may provide for distinct technical advantages over conventional laparoscopic technique. The goals of this study were (1) to objectively evaluate the difference in the learning curves by novice and expert surgeons in performing fundamental laparoscopic skills using conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) and (2) to evaluate the surgeons' frustration level in performing these tasks.

Methods: Twelve experienced and 31 novices in laparoscopy were prospectively evaluated in performing three standardized laparoscopic tasks in five consecutive, weekly training sessions.

Pioglitazone treatment increases survival and prevents body weight loss in tumor-bearing animals: possible anti-cachectic effect.

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by profound involuntary weight loss, fat depletion, skeletal muscle wasting, and asthenia; all symptoms are not entirely attributable to inadequate nutritional intake. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle loss during cancer cachexia development has been described systematically. The former was proposed to precede and be more rapid than the latter, which presents a means for the early detection of cachexia in cancer patients.

Replantation of avulsed primary teeth: a systematic review.

Background: There is little evidence regarding the risks and benefits of replantation of avulsed primary teeth.

Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the replantation of avulsed primary teeth, analysing the risks and benefits to help guide dentists regarding the best clinical decision-making in such cases.

Design: The Medline/Pubmed, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched for articles published in English, Portuguese, German or Spanish on the replantation of avulsed primary teeth in dental journals dating from the inception of the databases through to May 2013.

Rapid improvement of depression and psychotic symptoms in Huntington's disease: a retrospective chart review of seven patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Many patients with Huntington's disease (HD) develop psychiatric symptoms such as depression and psychosis. For severe symptoms, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be a valuable treatment. In this case series, we identified seven patients with HD who received ECT at Massachusetts General Hospital in the past 20 years.

A novel method of evaluating ureteropelvic junction obstruction: dynamic near infrared fluorescence imaging compared to standard modalities to assess urinary obstruction in a swine model.

Purpose: Dynamic near infrared fluorescence imaging of the urinary tract provides a promising way to diagnose ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Initial studies demonstrated the ability to visualize urine flow and peristalsis in great detail. We analyzed the efficacy of near infrared imaging in evaluating ureteropelvic junction obstruction, renal involvement and the anatomical detail provided compared to conventional imaging modalities.

Prevalence of radiological findings among cases of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Context And Objective: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) are prone to develop heterotopic calcifications and severe bone disease. Determination of the sites most commonly affected would decrease costs and patients' exposure to X-ray radiation. The aim here was to determine which skeletal sites produce most radiographic findings, in order to evaluate hemodialysis patients with HPT2, and to describe the most prevalent radiographic findings.

Ectopic and extranumerary parathyroid glands location in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end stage renal disease.

Unlabelled: Supranumerary or ectopic parathyroid glands are the main cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) submitted to parathyroidectomy (PTx).

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and location of parathyroid glands in these patients.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with ESRD and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) had been submitted to total PTx at HUCFF from December 2001 to July 2005.