Comparison of shoulder resultant net moment between three different exercises and load conditions.

Different exercises are prescribed by physiotherapists and despite the popular use of elastic resistance, few studies have investigated the effect of such rehabilitation tools on shoulder resultant net moment (RNM). The aim of the present study was to compare shoulder RNM peak values and the respective angle of occurrence during three shoulder rehabilitation exercises: 1) elevation in the scapular plane; 2) flexion; and 3) abduction when performed in three different load situations: 1) without external load; 2) with dumbbells (DB); and 3) with elastic resistance. Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in the study.

Scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm during resisted shoulder abduction--implications for clinical practice.

Objective: To offer a three-dimensional description of the scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) in healthy subjects during quasi-static shoulder abduction. To analyze and compare the influence of loaded and unloaded conditions on scapula kinematics and SHR.

Design: Eleven subjects were analyzed using videogrammetry and the application of mathematical modelling during quasi-static shoulder abduction positions (intervals of approximately 30 degrees).