Patterns of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in different anatomical sites among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Brazil.

Background: The presence of untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly increases the chance of acquiring HIV. In Brazil, testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users is insufficient, and syndromic treatment is a priority in clinical practice. Multi-site testing for CT/NG improves thescreening of asymptomatic cases and ensures timely treatment.

Endourology (Lithiasis). Management, surgical considerations and follow-up of patients in the COVID-19 era.

Purpose: To provide recommendations on the endourological management of lithiasis in the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: A non-systematic review in PubMed and the grey literature, as well as recommendations by a panel of stakeholders was made, regarding management, surgical considerations and follow-up of patients affected by lithiasis in the COVID-19 era.

Results: Under the current outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic scenario, patients affected by lithiasis should be prioritized into low, intermediate and high risk categories, to decide their delay and save resources, healthcare personnel, beds and ventilators.

Association of PTH and carotid thickness in patients with chronic kidney failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in terminal patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF). Diverse risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis, and are classified as traditional, which affect the general population; and non-traditional, which are peculiar to patients with CKF. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, a non-traditional and common factor in CKF, can cause an increased rate of bone absorption with mobilization of calcium and phosphorus.