Can Contingency Management Solve the Problem of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Drug-Dependent Individuals?

Drug misuse among people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is associated with higher mortality. It is a frequently observed reason for treatment abandonment, with people who misuse drugs showing a 10 to 25 times higher risk of HIV than the general population. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of contingency management (CM) to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV and substance use disorder (SUD).

Mutation of GPR143 Associated With Ocular Albinism Type 1, Intellectual Disability, and Schizophrenia: The Complex Biological and Social Interactions Between Genetic Syndromes and Mental Illness.

Copy number variations, which manifest primarily as deletions and duplications, contribute significantly to the genetic risk of schizophrenia. Specific syndromes associated with copy number variations, exemplified by the 22q11 deletion syndrome, confer both congenital abnormalities and an elevated risk of schizophrenia. We report the case of a patient with a deletion of exons 2 through 8 of GPR143.

Substance use among older adults: a review of the literature.

Objectives: To explore studies that have examined the effectiveness of possible interventions to reduce the substance use among older adults.

Methods: From the search, 295 abstracts were identified and 200 were excluded. Ninety-five remaining articles were reviewed, and 90 were excluded after full text review.

Violent behavior, perceived safety, and assault experiences among adolescents: results from the Brazilian National Adolescent School-based Health Survey.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with violent behavior in a large nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescents.

Methods: The data were derived from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar [PeNSE]). The independent variables of interest included feelings of safety while on the way to and at school.

Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of stimulant use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rationale: Agonist-based pharmacologic intervention is an accepted approach in treatment of opioid and tobacco use disorders.

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate usefulness of an agonist approach as treatment of (psycho)stimulant use disorder (PSUD).

Methods: We reviewed PubMed/Medline, LILACS, and ClinicalTrials.

An Exploration of the Link Between Bullying Perpetration and Substance Use: A Review of the Literature.

Bullying and substance use are serious public health concerns. The aim of this article is to review empirical studies that examined the association between bullying perpetration and substance use among adolescence in various countries. Research studies that found a correlation between bullying perpetration and substance use in children and adolescents were reviewed.

Childhood trauma and adolescent psychotic experiences in a community-based cohort: The potential role of positive attributes as a protective factor.

Objective: To investigate how a set of positive social and personality characteristics called 'positive attributes' affects the emergence and persistence of Psychotic Experiences (PE) in adolescence.

Method: We used data from a community-based Brazilian High-Risk Cohort (HRC). 2511 6-12 year-old children were evaluated at baseline, and 80.