Risk of mortality in Fusobacterium species bloodstream infection from a large Australian cohort.

Background: Fusobacterium species are anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli which are uncommon causes of bloodstream infection (BSI). This genus commonly colonises the gastrointestinal tract and can result in significant morbidity.

Methods: All blood cultures with growth of Fusobacterium species among residents of Queensland, Australia (population ≈ 5 million) were retrospectively identified over a 20-year period.

Hypophosphataemia in Critical Illness: A Narrative Review.

Phosphate is a predominately intracellular anion that has several key roles in normal cellular functions. Derangements in serum phosphate concentration occur frequently during critical illness, particularly hypophosphataemia, which has been reported in up to 75% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The association between hypophosphataemia and ICU outcomes reported in the literature are conflicting and and subject to substantial confounding.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections in children in Queensland, Australia, 2000-2019.

Aim: To investigate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (P-BSI) in Queensland children aged 0-18 years.

Methods: A retrospective data-linkage study was conducted of P-BSI identified by Pathology Queensland laboratories from resident Queensland children admitted to publicly-funded Queensland Hospitals between 2000 and 2019. We estimated age-standardised incidence of P-BSI and case fatality ratios (48 h, 7-, 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality from the date of the blood culture collection).

Differentiation of Providencia species bloodstream infections: A population-based analysis.

Background: Although Providencia species are recognised as important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), their epidemiology is not well defined due to their infrequent occurrence. Our objective was to determine the overall incidence, determinants, and outcomes of Providencia species BSI, and compare the epidemiology of P. stuartii and P.

The Impact of Prescription Time Limits on Phosphate Administration in the Intensive Care Unit: A Before-After Quality Improvement Study.

(1) Background: We aim to examine and improve phosphate prescribing as part of a quality assurance program by examining the change in the proportion of patients receiving phosphate with normal or high preceding serum phosphate concentrations before and after the introduction of the 24 h time limit to default phosphate prescription. (2) Methods: This was a quality assurance study conducted across three Australian adult intensive care units (ICUs). All adult patients with ICU lengths of stay greater than or equal to 48 h who had their serum phosphate concentrations measured were included.

Epidemiology of biliary tract-associated bloodstream infections and adequacy of empiric therapy: an Australian population-based study.

Purpose: Although the biliary tract is a common source of invasive infections, the epidemiology of cholangitis- and cholecystitis-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) is not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical determinants, microbiology of biliary tract-associated BSI, and predicted adequacy of common empiric therapy regimens.

Methods: All biliary tract-associated BSI in Queensland during 2000-2019 were identified using state-wide data sources.

Proteus species bloodstream infections: Comparative epidemiology of three species.

Background: Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and species-specific occurrence and determinants of Proteus species bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large Australian population.

Methods: All Queensland residents with Proteus species BSI identified within the publicly funded healthcare system between 2000 and 2019 were included.

bloodstream infection is a prevailing community-onset disease with important mortality rates: results from a retrospective observational study in Australia.

Background: The recognition of i as a cause of infections in humans has been increasing. However, only case reports and small series of bloodstream infections have been published. Epidemiological data on these infections are extremely scarce.

Mortality, hospital length of stay, and recurrent bloodstream infections associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a low prevalence region: A 20-year population-based large cohort study.

Objectives: This population-based study aimed to investigate the risk factors and effect of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production on clinical outcomes in Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) patients.

Methods: The study population was defined as patients aged ≥15 years with E. coli BSI in Queensland, Australia, from 2000 to 2019.

Bloodstream infections in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies: epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes in Queensland, Australia over the last 20 years.

Knowledge of the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) in haematology patients is essential to guide patient management. We investigated the epidemiology of BSI in patients with haematological malignancies in Queensland over the last 20 years (2000-2019), including all episodes diagnosed by the state-wide microbiology service. We identified 7749 BSI in 5159 patients, 58% associated with neutropenia.

Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans fungaemia is uniformly fatal in patients with haematological malignancy.

Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are environmental moulds that are virulent in immunocompromised hosts and rarely cause bloodstream infection (BSI). Patients with Scedosporium and Lomentospora species BSI were identified by the state public laboratory service in Queensland, Australia, over a 20-year period. Twenty-two incident episodes occurred among 21 residents; one patient had a second episode 321 days following the first.

Vibrio species bloodstream infections in Queensland, Australia.

Background: Vibrio species bloodstream infections have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of bloodstream infections because of Vibrio species in the Australian context.

Aims: The objective of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for developing Vibrio species bloodstream infections and compare differences between different species.

Global hotspots of traded phylogenetic and functional diversity.

Wildlife trade is a multibillion-dollar industry targeting a hyperdiversity of species and can contribute to major declines in abundance. A key question is understanding the global hotspots of wildlife trade for phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity, which underpin the conservation of evolutionary history, ecological functions and ecosystem services benefiting humankind. Using a global dataset of traded bird and mammal species, we identify that the highest levels of traded PD and FD are from tropical regions, where high numbers of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species in trade occur.

Bloodstream Infection and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Queensland Australia, 2000-2019.

Background: Bloodstream infections may occur as a complication of colorectal cancer or be a marker for its occult presence. The objectives of this study were to quantify the overall and etiology-specific risks for incident colorectal cancer-associated bloodstream infection.

Methods: Population-based surveillance for community-onset bloodstream infection was conducted among adults aged 20 years and older in Queensland, Australia between 2000 and 2019.

Caffeine consumption and withdrawal among patients in the intensive care unit.

Background: There is a lack of data surrounding the use of therapeutic caffeine among adults admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine reported caffeine use and withdrawal symptoms among patients admitted to the ICU to inform future prospective interventional trials.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design, where a survey was conducted by a registered dietitian among 100 adult patients admitted to an ICU in Brisbane, Australia.

Significant clinical differences but not outcomes between Klebsiella aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections: a comparative cohort study.

Purpose: Although Klebsiella aerogenes (formerly Enterobacter aerogenes) and Enterobacter cloacae share many phenotypic characteristics, controversy exists as to whether they cause clinically distinguishable infections. The objective of this study was to determine the comparative incidence, determinants, and outcomes of K. aerogenes and E.

Epidemiology of Species Bloodstream Infection in Queensland, Australia: Association with Regional and Climate Zones.

species can cause severe bloodstream infection (BSI) however, few studies have examined their epidemiology in non-selected populations. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and determinants of species BSI in Queensland, Australia. A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted during 2000-2019.

Institution-free days after critical illness: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Patient-centered outcomes beyond mortality such as institution-free days (IFD) are becoming increasingly relevant in critical care trials.

Methods: We calculated IFD using three definitions which differed in the way death and censoring of after-hospital deaths were handled analysing data from adult patient databases admitted to four ICUs of North Brisbane, Australia. Differences in distribution of IFD using different definitions were explored with descriptive statistics and histograms.

Evolving insights into the epidemiology of Moraxella species bloodstream infection from two decades of surveillance in Queensland, Australia.

The epidemiology of Moraxella species bloodstream infection (BSI) is poorly defined due to their rarity. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Moraxella species BSI in a large Australian population. All Moraxella species BSIs in patients admitted to Queensland (population estimate 5 million) public health facilities between 2000 and 2019 and submitted to Queensland pathology laboratory-based surveillance were included.

Determinants and outcomes of bloodstream infections related to obesity.

Although obesity is a major healthcare problem that is increasing in many populations worldwide, there are limited studies that have examined its contribution to infectious diseases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical determinants and outcomes of bloodstream infections among patients with obesity. All adults within the publicly funded healthcare system in Queensland, Australia, identified with a BSI during 2017-2019 were included and the presence of obesity was based on discharge International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes.