Influence of silver coated zeolite fillers on the chemical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyphenylene sulfone restorations.

Objectives: To investigate the chemical and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) depending on its composition and manufacturing.

Methods: Unfilled-PPSU1 and with antimicrobial silver coated zeolites filled-PPSU2 specimens were made of granulate-GR, filament-FI, or printed-3D. Scanning microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy were performed.

Impact of varnishing, coating, and polishing on the chemical and mechanical properties of a 3D printed resin and two veneering composite resins.

Statement Of Problem: Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fast fabrication of definitive fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). However, data on the effects of surface treatments on their chemical and mechanical properties are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of different surface treatments on a 3D printed resin in comparison with 2 veneering composite resins.

Impact of the sintering parameters on the grain size, crystal phases, translucency, biaxial flexural strength, and fracture load of zirconia materials.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of the zirconia and sintering parameters on the optical and mechanical properties.

Methods: Three zirconia materials (3/4Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, 3Y-TZP) were high-speed (HSS), speed (SS) or conventionally (CS) sintered. Disc-shaped specimens nested in 4 vertical layers of the blank were examined for grain size (GS), crystal phases (c/t'/t/m-phase), translucency (T), and biaxial flexural strength.

Influence of different surface finishing procedures of strength-gradient multilayered zirconia crowns on two-body wear and fracture load: Lithium silicate or leucite glazing versus polishing?

Objectives: To examine the influence of different finishing procedures on the surface roughness, wear resistance and fracture load of strength-gradient multilayered zirconia.

Materials And Methods: Zirconia crowns (Multilayer 3D pro; n = 96) were manufactured and treated with a lithium-silicate- (LISI_S), leucite-based glaze spray (LEU_S), leucite-based glaze mass (LEU_M) or polished (POL). Natural molars (CG; n = 24) acted as a control.

Fracture toughness, work of fracture, flexural strength and elastic modulus of 3D-printed denture base resins in two measurement environments after artificial aging.

Objectives: To investigate the fracture toughness (K), work of fracture (WOF), flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) of four additively manufactured denture base resins in two different measurement environments after artificial aging.

Methods: Rectangular specimens in two different dimensions (n = 480) were 3D-printed with four denture base resins: Denture 3D+ (DEN; NextDent), Fotodent Denture (FOT; Dreve ProDiMed), Freeprint Denture (FRE; Detax), V-Print dentbase (VPR; VOCO)). K, WOF, FS and E were measured after (1) water-storage (37 °C; K = 7 d; FS = 50 h); (2) water-storage + hydrothermal-aging (20 min, 0.

Digital versus conventional veneering of zirconia and cobalt chromium crowns: Fracture load before and after thermomechanical aging.

Statement Of Problem: To complement the digital workflow for manufacturing fixed dental prostheses, both high-strength frameworks and esthetic veneers should be designed and fabricated digitally. However, how the fracture load of digitally veneered restorations compares with conventionally fabricated restorations is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the fracture load of digitally and conventionally veneered zirconia and cobalt chromium crowns initially and after thermomechanical aging.

Three-Dimensional Printed Resin: Impact of Different Cleaning Protocols on Degree of Conversion and Tensile Bond Strength to a Composite Resin Using Various Adhesive Systems.

The present investigation tested the effect of cleaning methods and adhesives on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of a resin-based composite luted to a temporary 3D printed resin. Substrates (= 360) were printed using a Rapidshape D20II and cleaned with a butyldiglycol-based solution, isopropanol, or by centrifugation. Specimens were air-abraded with AlO (mean particle size 50 µm) at 0.

Water sorption, water solubility, degree of conversion, elastic indentation modulus, edge chipping resistance and flexural strength of 3D-printed denture base resins.

Objectives: To investigate the water sorption (w), water solubility (w), degree of conversion (DC), elastic indentation modulus (E), edge chipping resistance (ECR) and flexural strength (FS) of 3D-printed, milled and conventionally polymerized denture base resin materials.

Methods: Specimens (N = 540) were 3D-printed (NextDent Denture 3D+ (DEN), Fotodent Denture (FOT), Freeprint Denture (FRE), V-Print dentbase (VPR)), cut (Ivotion Base (IVO)) and molded (PalaXpress (PAL)) in three geometries. WwDC, E, ECR and FS were tested initially (24 h, 37 °C, H20) and after additional aging (5000 thermal cycles, 5/55 °C).

Impact of the material and sintering protocol, layer thickness, and thermomechanical aging on the two-body wear and fracture load of 4Y-TZP crowns.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the material and corresponding sintering protocol, layer thickness, and aging on the two-body wear (2BW) and fracture load (FL) of 4Y-TZP crowns.

Materials And Methods: Multi-layer 4Y-TZP crowns in three thicknesses (0.5 mm/1.

Chemical and mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing core build-up materials.

Objectives: To investigate the chemical (degree of conversion (DC)) and mechanical properties (Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (E), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS)) of four dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials after light- and self-polymerization.

Materials And Methods: Round specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm were manufactured from CLEARFIL DC CORE PLUS (CLE; Kuraray), core·X flow (COR; Dentsply Sirona), MultiCore Flow (MUL; Ivoclar Vivadent), and Rebilda DC (REB; VOCO) (N = 96, n = 24/material).

Methodology investigation: Impact of crown geometry, crown, abutment and antagonist material and thermal loading on the two-body wear of dental materials.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of crown geometry, crown/abutment/antagonist material and thermal loading on the two-body wear of dental materials caused by chewing simulation.

Materials And Methods: For the crown geometry, crowns (polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and silicate ceramic (SiO)) were milled with a flat, steep, or medium cusp inclination (CINC). For the crown/abutment material, crowns (PMMA, PEEK and SiO) were combined with PMMA, polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN), cobalt-chrome alloy (CoCr) and natural teeth (ENAM) abutments.

Time-dependent degree of conversion, Martens parameters, and flexural strength of different dual-polymerizing resin composite luting materials.

Objective: To investigate the degree of conversion (DC), Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (E), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of six dual-polymerizing resin composite luting materials initially and after 2 and 7 days of aging.

Materials And Methods: Specimens fabricated from Bifix QM (BIF; VOCO), Calibra Ceram (CAL; Dentsply Sirona), DuoCem (DUO; Coltène/Whaledent), G-CEM LinkForce (GCE; GC Europe), PANAVIA V5 (PAN; Kuraray Europe), and Variolink Esthetic DC (VAR; Ivoclar Vivadent) (n = 12 per material) were light-polymerized through 1 mm thick discs (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona). DC, HM, and E were recorded directly after fabrication, and after 2 and 7 days of aging.

Fracture Load of Veneered and Monolithic Single-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses Made from the High-Performance Thermoplastic Polyphenylene Sulfone.

Purpose: To investigate the fracture load of different veneers for monolithic single-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of a novel potential framework material, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU).

Materials And Methods: The fracture loads of four PPSU frameworks with different veneers (manual polymer veneer with Ceramage Body A3B; prefabricated polymer veneer with Novo.lign; digital polymer veneer with Telio CAD; digital ceramic veneer with IPS Empress CAD) and a monolithic control group (PPSU, Gehr) were examined initially and after 1,200,000 masticatory (50 N, 1.

3D printing of dental restorations: Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymer materials.

In the seminal field of 3D printing of dental restorations, the time and cost saving manufacturing of removable and fixed dental prostheses from thermoplastic polymer materials employing fused filament fabrication (FFF) is gaining momentum. As of today, the additive manufacturing of the established semi-crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) requires extensive post-processing and lacks precision. In this context, the amorphous polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) may provide a higher predictability and reliability of the results.

Bonding Behavior Between Polyetheretherketone and Polymethylmethacrylate Acrylic Denture Polymer.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of pretreatment and conditioning on shear bond strength (SBS), surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (SR) between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and cold-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Materials And Methods: PEEK substrates (Dentokeep PEEK Disc, nt-trading) were air abraded with Al2O3 particles of different grain sizes applied with varying pressure at 1) 0.2 MPa - 50 µm Al2O3; 2) 0.

Three-dimensionally printed and milled polyphenylene sulfone materials in dentistry: Tensile bond strength to veneering composite resin and surface properties after different pretreatments.

Statement Of Problem: Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) is a thermoplastic that can be processed using 3-dimensional printing. PPSU is new to dentistry, and scientific data on its properties are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the surface properties and the tensile bond strength (TBS) between PPSU and a veneering composite resin in comparison with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Impact of High-Speed Sintering of Three-Unit 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP Fixed Dental Prostheses on Fracture Load With and Without Artificial Aging.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of high-speed sintering and artificial aging on the fracture load of three-unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).

Materials And Methods: Three-unit FDPs manufactured from 3Y-TZP (Ceramill Zolid, Amann Girrbach) and 4Y-TZP (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amann Girrbach; N = 128, n = 64/group) were sintered at 1,580°C (high-speed sintering) or at 1,450°C (control group; n = 32/subgroup). Specimens were bonded to steel abutment models using Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent), and fracture load was examined without (n = 16/subgroup) and with artificial aging (6,000 thermocycles [5°C/55°C] and 1,200,000 chewing cycles [50 N]; n = 16/subgroup).

Edge chipping resistance of veneering composite resins.

Objectives: To investigate the edge chipping resistance (ECR) of six veneering composite resins after different treatment protocols.

Materials And Methods: Rectangular bar specimens were manufactured from Ceramage Incisal (CER; Shofu), dialog Vario Occlusal (DIA; Schütz Dental), Gradia Plus Heavy Body Enamel (GRA; GC Europe), in:joy incisal (INJ; Dentsply Sirona Deutschland), SR Nexco Paste Incisal (SRN; Ivoclar Vivadent), and Signum composite enamel (SIG; Kulzer). ECR was determined after five treatment protocols: (1) no treatment, (2) after storage in distilled water at 37 °C for 7 days, (3) storage in distilled water with an additional 10 000 thermal cycles (5 °C/55 °C), and hydrothermal treatment at 134 °C at a water vapor pressure of 0.

Impact of polymerization and storage on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of veneering resin composites.

To investigate the degree of conversion (DC), Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (E), and flexural strength (FS) of veneering resin composites (SR Nexco Paste (NP), Ceramage Incisal (CI), Gradia Plus (GP); n=60/group) cured with different polymerization devices (bre.Lux Power Unit, Labolight DUO, Otoflash G171, LC-3DPrint Box, PCU LED; n=12/subgroup) after storage. Otoflash G171 and Labolight DUO showed increased DC/HM/E.

Comparison of mechanical properties of different reinforced glass-ceramics.

Statement Of Problem: Data concerning the mechanical properties of the newly developed lithium disilicate ceramic HS10PC are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural strength (FS), Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (E), fracture load (FL), and wear resistance (WR) of HS10PC compared with those of the established glass-ceramics IPS e.max Press and IPS Empress Esthetic.

Retention force of polyetheretherketone and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum removable dental prosthesis clasps after artificial aging.

Objectives: To examine the retention force of removable dental prosthesis (RDP) clasps made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo, control group) after storage in water and artificial aging.

Materials And Methods: For each material, 15 Bonwill clasps with retentive buccal and reciprocal lingual arms situated between the second pre- and first molar were manufactured by milling (Dentokeep [PEEKmilled1], NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank [PEEKmilled2], bredent), pressing (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press [PEEKpressed], bredent), or casting (remanium GM 800+ [CoCrMo], Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. A total of 50 retention force measurements were performed for each specimen per aging level (initial; after storage [30 days, 37 °C] and 10,000 thermal cycles; after storage [60 days, 37 °C] and 20,000 thermal cycles) in a pull-off test.

Is the high-performance thermoplastic polyetheretherketone indicated as a clasp material for removable dental prostheses?

Objectives: To investigate the retention force of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) removable dental prosthesis clasps in comparison with a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum control group after storage in artificial saliva.

Materials And Methods: Clasps were milled (Dentokeep (PEEKmilled1), NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank (PEEKmilled2), bredent), pressed (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press (PEEKpressed), bredent), or cast (remanium GM 800+ (cobalt-chrome-molybdenum), Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. Retention force was examined 50 times/specimen in a pull-off test using the universal testing machine (Zwick 1445), where pull-off force was applied with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute until the maximum force dropped by 10%, at different aging levels: (1) initial, after storage in artificial saliva for (2) 90 and (3) 180 days.