Intracranial hemorrhage in alloimmune thrombocytopenia: stratified management to prevent recurrence in the subsequent affected fetus.

Objective: We sought to prevent intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) through antenatal management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Study Design: A total of 33 women (37 pregnancies) with alloimmune thrombocytopenia and ICH in a previous child were stratified according to the timing of the previous child's ICH: extremely high risk (HR) (n = 8) had ICH <28 weeks, very HR (n = 17) between 28-36 weeks, and HR (n = 12) in the perinatal period. Treatment was initiated at 12 weeks with intravenous immunoglobulin 1 or 2 g/kg/wk, and if the fetal platelet count by cordocentesis was <30,000/mL despite treatment, prednisone and/or more intravenous immunoglobulin were added.

Acoustical observation of bubble oscillations induced by bubble popping.

Acoustic measurements of aqueous foams show three distinct radiation mechanisms that contribute to the sound pressure field: oscillations of a bubble surface that precede popping due to the instability of thin liquid film, impulsive radiation due to bursts of bubbles, and oscillations from neighboring bubbles excited by a burst bubble. The movies captured by a fast camera confirm that the bubbles adjacent to a breaking bubble oscillate under the influence of the pressure generated by the burst bubble. The spectra of resulting transient sounds fall in the range of 2-8 kHz and those from bubble oscillations correlate well with the bubble size.