Feasibility of continuous non-invasive delivery of oxygen monitoring in cardiac surgical patients: a proof-of-concept preliminary study.

Purpose: Oxygen delivery (DO) and its monitoring are highlighted to aid postoperative goal directed therapy (GDT) to improve perioperative outcomes such as acute kidney injury (AKI) after high-risk cardiac surgeries associated with multiple morbidities and mortality. However, DO monitoring is neither routine nor done postoperatively, and current methods are invasive and only produce intermittent DO trends. Hence, we proposed a novel algorithm that simultaneously integrates cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin (Hb) and oxygen saturation (SpO) from the Edwards Life Sciences ClearSight System® and Masimo SET Pulse CO-Oximetry® to produce a continuous, real-time DO trend.