Evidence of anthropogenic impacts on global drought frequency, duration, and intensity.

Most climate change detection and attribution studies have focused on mean or extreme temperature or precipitation, neglecting to explore long-term changes in drought characteristics. Here we provide evidence that anthropogenic forcing has impacted interrelated meteorological drought characteristics. Using SPI and SPEI indices generated from an ensemble of 9 CMIP6 models (using 3 realizations per model), we show that the presence of anthropogenic forcing has increased the drought frequency, maximum drought duration, and maximum drought intensity experienced in large parts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

Heat wave Intensity Duration Frequency Curve: A Multivariate Approach for Hazard and Attribution Analysis.

Atmospheric warming is projected to intensify heat wave events, as quantified by multiple descriptors, including intensity, duration, and frequency. While most studies investigate one feature at a time, heat wave characteristics are often interdependent and ignoring the relationships between them can lead to substantial biases in frequency (hazard) analyses. We propose a multivariate approach to construct heat wave intensity, duration, frequency (HIDF) curves, which enables the concurrent analysis of all heat wave properties.

Genetic Mutations Underlying Phenotypic Plasticity in Basosquamous Carcinoma.

Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is an aggressive skin neoplasm with the features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While genetic drivers of BCC and SCC development have been extensively characterized, BSC has not been well studied, and it remains unclear whether these tumors originally derive from BCC or SCC. In addition, it is unknown which molecular pathways mediate the reprogramming of tumor keratinocytes toward basaloid or squamatized phenotypes.

Amplified warming of droughts in southern United States in observations and model simulations.

During droughts, low surface moisture may translate surface heating into warming, since excess energy will be converted into sensible heat instead of evaporating as latent heat. Recent concurrent occurrences of droughts and heatwaves have caused compounding ecosystem and societal stresses, which prompted our investigation of whether there has been a shift in temperatures under meteorological drought conditions in the United States. Using historical observations, we detect that droughts have been warming faster than the average climate in the southern and northeastern United States.