Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) are essential in asthma management, but the guidelines for treatment in preschool children remain heterogeneous worldwide. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of LABA + ICS therapy in asthmatic children under six years. We searched four databases, identifying six eligible studies (n = 1415 preschoolers), and in all the LABA used was salmeterol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Severe bronchiolitis (i.e., bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization) is linked to childhood asthma development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, there has been abundant research concerning human microbiome and its impact on the host's health. Studies have shown that not only the commensal bacteria itself, but also postbiotics, understood as inanimate microorganisms, possibly with the presence of their components, may themselves have an effect on various elements of human physiology. In this review, we take a closer look at the specific ways in which postbiotics can alter immune response in allergic asthma, which is one of the most prevalent allergic diseases in today's world and a serious subject of concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Infect Dis J
June 2024
Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare, severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019, commonly involving the gastrointestinal tract. Some children with MIS-C undergo appendectomy before the final diagnosis. There are several hypotheses explaining the pathomechanism of MIS-C, including the central role of the viral antigen persistence in the gut, associated with lymphocyte exhaustion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring is a major component of asthma management in children. Regular monitoring allows for diagnosis confirmation, treatment optimization, and natural history review. Numerous factors that may affect disease activity and patient well-being need to be monitored: response and adherence to treatment, disease control, disease progression, comorbidities, quality of life, medication side-effects, allergen and irritant exposures, diet and more.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in children and constitutes a significant healthcare burden. First-line therapy for acute asthma exacerbations is well established. However, secondary treatments, including intravenous magnesium sulfate (IV-MgSO4), remain variable due to scarcity of data on its efficacy and safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPostepy Dermatol Alergol
December 2023
Introduction: Food allergy is a common concomitant disease in patients with atopic dermatitis. Sensitisation and subsequent development of food allergy might result from the application of skincare products containing food allergens, particularly when the skin barrier is impaired and inflamed. Emollients are the mainstay of the management of atopic dermatitis; however, the prevalence of food allergens in skincare products used for atopic dermatitis is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To determine the utility of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) for identifying active tuberculosis (TB) and TB infection (TBI) in children in BCG-vaccinated populations, establish its diagnostic performance characteristics, and evaluate changes in IP-10 level during anti-TB chemotherapy.
Methods: Concentrations of IP-10 and IFN-γ were measured in QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) supernatants in children with suspected TB or due to recent TB contact. A total of 225 children were investigated: 33 with active TB, 48 with TBI, 83 TB contacts, 20 with suspected TB but other final diagnoses, and 41 controls.
Background: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization, linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). Guidelines lack specific viral testing for bronchiolitis management. To establish effective management strategies, it is crucial to assess whether specific respiratory virus types are correlated with distinct examination features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllergol Immunopathol (Madr)
May 2023
Bronchiolitis is the most common respiratory infection leading to hospitalization and constitutes a significant healthcare burden. The two main viral agents causing bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), have distinct cytopathic, immune response, and clinical characteristics. Different approaches have been suggested for subtyping bronchiolitis based on viral etiology, atopic status, transcriptome profiles in blood, airway metabolome, lipidomic data, and airway microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Allergy Immunol
January 2023
Background: There is no consensus on the benefits of physical activity (PA) regarding upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) among children. This study aimed to determine an association between the PA level and URTIs in preschoolers.
Methods: In 4-7-year-old participants, URTI symptoms were monitored using the Polish version of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory System Survey for Kids.
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are mainly viral in origin and among the leading cause of childhood morbidity globally. Associated wheezing illness and asthma are still a clear unmet medical need. Despite the continuous progress in understanding the processes involved in their pathogenesis, preventive measures and treatments failed to demonstrate any significant disease-modifying effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as vital mediators in intracellular communication in the lung microenvironment. Environmental exposure to various triggers (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: It has become clear that severe bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous disease; even so, current bronchiolitis management guidelines rely on the one-size-fits-all approach regarding achieving both short-term and chronic outcomes. It has been speculated that the use of molecular markers could guide more effective pharmacological management and achieve the prevention of chronic respiratory sequelae. Existing data suggest that asthma-like treatment (systemic corticosteroids and beta2-agonists) in infants with rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis is associated with improved short-term and chronic outcomes, but robust data is still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumans inhale, ingest, and touch thousands of fungi each day. The ubiquity and diversity of the fungal kingdom, reflected by its complex taxonomy, are in sharp contrast with our scarce knowledge about its distribution, pathogenic effects, and effective interventions at the environmental and individual levels. Here, we present an overview of salient features of fungi as permanent players of the human exposome and key determinants of human health, through the lens of fungal allergy and other fungal hypersensitivity reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe paper presents a longitudinal cohort survey on the public acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination and real vaccination levels. A survey on a representative sample of adult Polish citizens ( = 1066) was conducted in June 2020 and, one year later, the same group was approached to compare the hypothetical declarations with the real vaccination decisions ( = 438). A significant part of the group that declared reluctance and hesitation toward COVID-19 vaccination before that vaccination was available actually got vaccinated or plans to get vaccinated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Results of preventative emollient therapy on atopic dermatitis and food allergy trials are inconsistent. In addition to the ingredients considered beneficial, the moisturizers may contain potentially harmful haptens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of haptens in moisturizers used in studies to prevent atopic dermatitis or food allergy and assess their correlations to the trial results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: IP-10 has been proposed as a new diagnostic biomarker for infection (MTBI). However, data on IP-10 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for pediatric tuberculosis are lacking.
Aim: To determine IP-10 levels in unstimulated BALF and plasma in children with and without MTBI.