Astaxanthin Inhibits HO-Induced Excessive Mitophagy and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulation of Akt/mTOR Activation.

Oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, occurs in a variety of human diseases, including neurological disorders. The clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy maintains the normal function of mitochondria and facilitates cell survival. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant known to have neuroprotective effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

The structural stability, electronic properties regulation and feasibility of controllable preparation of a C/(BN) heterojunction single-walled nanotube.

Our work investigates the structural stability of a heterojunction single-walled nanotube by comparing the binding energy. The energy band structure, electronic density of states and regulation relation between band gap and indirect-direct properties and tube diameter and type are systematically studied. Based on existing experimental and theoretical results, dynamic simulated calculating of the stitching process is carried out to explore the feasibility of controllable preparation.

An eye tracking investigation of attention mechanism in driving behavior under emotional issues and cognitive load.

Emotions have specific effects on behavior. At present, studies are increasingly interested in how emotions affect driving behavior. We designed the experiment by combing driving tasks and eye tracking.

Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomal miRNA-21-5p Inhibits Lidocaine-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Background: Local anesthetic lidocaine is one of the most common pain therapies, but high concentration of lidocaine induced neurotoxicity and its mechanism is unclear. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in neuronal diseases, but its role in lidocaine induced neurotoxicity remains to be elucidated.

Methods: All the experiments were performed at Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China in 2022.

An Eye Tracking and Event-Related Potentials Study With Visual Stimuli for Adolescents Emotional Issues.

Background: Psychological issues are common among adolescents, which have a significant impact on their growth and development. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of viewing visual stimuli in adolescents are poorly understood.

Materials And Methods: This study applied the Chinese version of the DSM-V self-assessment scales to evaluate 73 adolescents' psychological characteristics for depressive and manic emotional issues.

Wild emmer introgression alters root-to-shoot growth dynamics in durum wheat in response to water stress.

Water deficit during the early vegetative growth stages of wheat (Triticum) can limit shoot growth and ultimately impact grain productivity. Introducing diversity in wheat cultivars to enhance the range of phenotypic responses to water limitations during vegetative growth can provide potential avenues for mitigating subsequent yield losses. We tested this hypothesis in an elite durum wheat background by introducing a series of introgressions from a wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp.

Interactive Visualization of Hyperspectral Images Based on Neural Networks.

It is challenging to interpret hyperspectral images in an intuitive and meaningful way, as they usually contain hundreds of dimensions. We develop a visualization tool for hyperspectral images based on neural networks, which allows a user to specify the regions of interest, select bands of interest, and obtain hyperspectral classification results in a scatterplot generated from hyperspectral features. A cascade neural network is trained to generate a scatterplot that matches the cluster centers labeled by the user.

: An Open-Source GUI for Seed Image Analysis.

Accurate measurement of seed size parameters is essential for both breeding efforts aimed at enhancing yields and basic research focused on discovering genetic components that regulate seed size. To address this need, we have developed an open-source graphical user interface (GUI) software, that determines seed size and shape (including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, and centroid), and seed color with capability to process a large number of images in a time-efficient manner. In this context, our application takes ∼2 s for analyzing an image, i.

MiR-324-3p Regulates Fibroblast Proliferation via Targeting TGF-β1 in Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the common clinical arrhythmias, lacks effective treatment manners. Cardiac fibroblasts play an essential role in myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, which are involved in AF progression. Reportedly, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the myocardial fibrosis in AF.

Loss of COMT activity reduces lateral root formation and alters the response to water limitation in sorghum brown midrib (bmr) 12 mutant.

Lignin is a key target for modifying lignocellulosic biomass for efficient biofuel production. Brown midrib 12 (bmr12) encodes the sorghum caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and is one of the key enzymes in monolignol biosynthesis. Loss of function mutations in COMT reduces syringyl (S) lignin subunits and improves biofuel conversion rate.

Expression of miRNAs in plasma exosomes derived from patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Studies have revealed the association between exosomes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the typical changes of plasma miRNAs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are still controversial, the use of exosomal miRNAs to diagnose and predict the prognosis of AF has not been described.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there were differences in the exosomal miRNAs between AF and normal sinus rhythm (SR) patients, which might be used as the novel biomarkers to reflect the progression of AF.

Allelic variation in rice Fertilization Independent Endosperm 1 contributes to grain width under high night temperature stress.

A higher minimum (night-time) temperature is considered a greater limiting factor for reduced rice yield than a similar increase in maximum (daytime) temperature. While the physiological impact of high night temperature (HNT) has been studied, the genetic and molecular basis of HNT stress response remains unexplored. We examined the phenotypic variation for mature grain size (length and width) in a diverse set of rice accessions under HNT stress.

Effects of irbesartan on myocardial injury in diabetic rats: The role of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway.

To observe the mechanism of myocardial injury in diabetic rats after irbesartan intervention and analyze the role of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway. The experiment was divided into four groups: normal control group (CON), high glucose and high caloric diet group (HC), diabetes group (DM) and diabetes+irbesartan group (DM+Ir). Compared with CON group, in HC group, triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels were increased; however, there was no significant difference of the cardiac function, the degree of myocardial fibrosis, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 mRNA and protein expressions and the releasing of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18.

[Expression of NLRP1 inflammasomes in myocardial tissue of diabetic rats].

Objective: To observe the expression of NLRP1 inflammasomes in myocardial tissues in rats with a high-fat and highsugar diet and in diabetic rats analyze the role of NLRP1 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods: Male SD rats were divided into normal control group, high-sugar and high-fat diet (HC) group and diabetes group. Rat models of diabetes were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 30 mg/kg).

PI-Plat: a high-resolution image-based 3D reconstruction method to estimate growth dynamics of rice inflorescence traits.

Background: Recent advances in image-based plant phenotyping have improved our capability to study vegetative stage growth dynamics. However, more complex agronomic traits such as inflorescence architecture (IA), which predominantly contributes to grain crop yield are more challenging to quantify and hence are relatively less explored. Previous efforts to estimate inflorescence-related traits using image-based phenotyping have been limited to destructive end-point measurements.

Malaria parasite clearance rate regression: an R software package for a Bayesian hierarchical regression model.

Background: Emerging resistance to anti-malarial drugs has led malaria researchers to investigate what covariates (parasite and host factors) are associated with resistance. In this regard, investigation of how covariates impact malaria parasites clearance is often performed using a two-stage approach in which the WWARN Parasite Clearance Estimator or PCE is used to estimate parasite clearance rates and then the estimated parasite clearance is regressed on the covariates. However, the recently developed Bayesian Clearance Estimator instead leads to more accurate results for hierarchial regression modelling which motivated the authors to implement the method as an R package, called "bhrcr".

An Information-Theoretic Framework for Evaluating Edge Bundling Visualization.

Edge bundling is a promising graph visualization approach to simplifying the visual result of a graph drawing. Plenty of edge bundling methods have been developed to generate diverse graph layouts. However, it is difficult to defend an edge bundling method with its resulting layout against other edge bundling methods as a clear theoretic evaluation framework is absent in the literature.

A Novel LiDAR-Based Instrument for High-Throughput, 3D Measurement of Morphological Traits in Maize and Sorghum.

Recently, imaged-based approaches have developed rapidly for high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP). Imaging reduces a 3D plant into 2D images, which makes the retrieval of plant morphological traits challenging. We developed a novel LiDAR-based phenotyping instrument to generate 3D point clouds of single plants.