Age- and Genotype-Dependent Effects of Chronic Nicotine on Presenilin1/2 Double Knockout Mice: From Behavior to Molecular Pathways.

Introduction: The potential therapeutic role of nicotine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains controversial, particularly regarding its age-dependent effects and underlying mechanisms.

Method: This study investigated the impact of chronic nicotine administration on cognitive function and molecular pathways in Presenilin 1/2 double knockout (DKO) mice, an amyloid-β-independent model of AD. Three-month-old and eight-month-old DKO and wild-type (WT) mice received oral nicotine treatment (100 μg/ml) for three months.

Identification of two QTLs for web blotch resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) based on BSA-seq.

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important oilseed and cash crop. Web blotch is one of the most important peanut foliar diseases, causing severe yield losses worldwide.

Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing shed light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widely grown oilseed crop worldwide; however, the events leading to its origin and diversification are not fully understood. Here by combining chloroplast and whole-genome sequence data from a large germplasm collection, we show that the two subspecies of A.

Knockdown of microRNA390 Enhances Maize Brace Root Growth.

Brace root architecture is a critical determinant of maize's stalk anchorage and nutrition uptake, influencing root lodging resistance, stress tolerance, and plant growth. To identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) in control of maize brace root growth, we performed small RNA sequencing using brace root samples at emergence and growth stages. We focused on the genetic modulation of brace root development in maize through manipulation of miR390 and its downstream regulated ().

Genome-wide association study and development of molecular markers for yield and quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: This study aims to decipher the genetic basis governing yield components and quality attributes of peanuts, a critical aspect for advancing molecular breeding techniques. Integrating genotype re-sequencing and phenotypic evaluations of seven yield components and two grain quality traits across four distinct environments allowed for the execution of a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Results: The nine phenotypic traits were all continuous and followed a normal distribution.

Transcriptome sequencing and expression analysis in peanut reveal the potential mechanism response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection.

Background: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum severely affects peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields. The breeding of resistant cultivars is an efficient means of controlling plant diseases.

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Embryogenic Callus Induction Rate in Peanut ( L.).

The capability of embryogenic callus induction is a prerequisite for in vitro plant regeneration. However, embryogenic callus induction is strongly genotype-dependent, thus hindering the development of in vitro plant genetic engineering technology. In this study, to examine the genetic variation in embryogenic callus induction rate (CIR) in peanut ( L.

Development and application of whole-chromosome painting of chromosomes 7A and 8A of based on chromosome-specific single-copy oligonucleotides.

For peanut, the lack of stable cytological markers is a barrier to tracking specific chromosomes, elucidating the genetic relationships between genomes and identifying chromosomal variations. Chromosome mapping using single-copy oligonucleotide (oligo) probe libraries has unique advantages for identifying homologous chromosomes and chromosomal rearrangements. In this study, we developed two whole-chromosome single-copy oligo probe libraries, LS-7A and LS-8A, based on the reference genome sequences of chromosomes 7A and 8A of .

Identification of two major QTLs for pod shell thickness in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using BSA-seq analysis.

Background: Pod shell thickness (PST) is an important agronomic trait of peanut because it affects the ability of shells to resist pest infestations and pathogen attacks, while also influencing the peanut shelling process. However, very few studies have explored the genetic basis of PST.

Results: An F segregating population derived from a cross between the thick-shelled cultivar Yueyou 18 (YY18) and the thin-shelled cultivar Weihua 8 (WH8) was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PST.

Cytological and transcriptomic analysis to unveil the mechanism of web blotch resistance in Peanut.

Background: Peanut is an important oil crop worldwide. Peanut web blotch is a fungal disease that often occurs at the same time as other leaf spot diseases, resulting in substantial leaf drop, which seriously affects the peanut yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying peanut resistance to web blotch is unknown.

Identification of QTL for kernel weight and size and analysis of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Improving its yield is crucial for sustainable peanut production to meet increasing food and industrial requirements.

Identification of quantitative trait loci and development of diagnostic markers for growth habit traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

QTLs for growth habit are identified on Arahy.15 and Arahy.06 in peanut, and diagnostic markers are developed and validated for further use in marker-assisted breeding.

Mapping of a QTL associated with sucrose content in peanut kernels using BSA-seq.

As an important factor affecting the edible quality of peanut kernels, sucrose content is a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple factors. In this study, an F segregating population and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a cross between the high sucrose content variety Jihuatian 1 and the low sucrose content line PI478819, were used as materials to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with sucrose content in peanut kernels. Four QTLs were initially located on chromosomes A03 and A06 based on BSA-seq technology, and multiple kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers were developed based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intervals.

Dissecting the Regulatory Network of Maize Phase Change in Mutant by Transcriptome Analysis.

The developmental phase changes of maize are closely associated with the life span, environmental adaption, plant height, and disease resistance of the plant and eventually determines the grain yield and quality of maize. A natural mutant, (), was selected from the inbred line KN5585. Compared with the wild type plant, the mutant exhibits deceased plant stature, accelerated developmental stages, and decreased leaf size.

Comparative transcriptomics analysis of developing peanut ( L.) pods reveals candidate genes affecting peanut seed size.

Pod size is one of the most important agronomic features of peanuts, which directly affects peanut yield. Studies on the regulation mechanism underpinning pod size in cultivated peanuts remain hitherto limited compared to model plant systems. To better understand the molecular elements that underpin peanut pod development, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of chronological transcriptomics during pod development in four peanut accessions with similar genetic backgrounds, but varying pod sizes.

Genetic variations in the bitter taste receptor gene TAS2R38 are related to cigarette smoking behavior in Han Chinese smokers.

Background: Smoking behavior is influenced by multiple genes, including the bitter taste gene TAS2R38. It has been reported that the correlation between TAS2R38 and smoking behavior has ethnicity-based differences. However, the TAS2R38 status in Chinese smokers is still unclear.

Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of the Comparative Transcriptome Identifies Hub Genes Associated With Resistance to L. in Cultivated Peanut (a L.).

Cultivated peanut ( L.), a cosmopolitan oil crop, is susceptible to a variety of pathogens, especially L., which not only vastly reduce the quality of peanut products but also seriously threaten food safety for the contamination of aflatoxin.

Molecular convergence and transgenic evidence suggest a single origin of laryngeal echolocation in bats.

The laryngeal echolocation is regarded as one of the conspicuous traits that play major roles in flourishing bats. Whether the laryngeal echolocation in bats originated once, however, is still controversial. We here address this question by performing molecular convergence analyses between ancestral branches of bats and toothed whales.

QTL identification, fine mapping, and marker development for breeding peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resistant to bacterial wilt.

A major QTL, qBWA12, was fine mapped to a 216.68 kb physical region, and A12.4097252 was identified as a useful KASP marker for breeding peanut varieties resistant to bacterial wilt.

Echolocation in soft-furred tree mice.

Echolocation is the use of reflected sound to sense features of the environment. Here, we show that soft-furred tree mice () echolocate based on multiple independent lines of evidence. Behavioral experiments show that these mice can locate and avoid obstacles in darkness using hearing and ultrasonic pulses.