Association of shared decision-making cessation model and adult smoking cessation rate: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: It remains unclear whether shared decision-making (SDM) can help smoking cessation. This study aims to determine whether the SDM model increases the 24-week point abstinence rate and medication adherence rate for adult smokers.

Methods: This prospective cohort study, conducted between January 2019 and June 2021, enrolled 1268 adult smokers at the outpatient cessation clinic of a national medical center.

Multiple in-hospital counseling increases six-month smoking abstinence among individuals participating in a hospital-initiated smoking cessation program.

Background: A cessation program for hospitalized smokers is an effective strategy to achieve smoking abstinence. The effects of multiple in-hospital counseling sessions on 6-month smoking abstinence require further investigation.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of smokers who participated in hospital-initiated cessation programs at a medical center between 2017 and 2019.

A fungal microRNA-like RNA subverts host immunity and facilitates pathogen infection by silencing two host receptor-like kinase genes.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes by silencing their corresponding target genes in most eukaryotes. However, cross-kingdom regulation mediated by fungal microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in plant-pathogen interactions is still largely unknown. Using molecular, genetic, histological, and biochemical approaches, we found that the apple tree Valsa canker pathogen Valsa mali milRNA Vm-milR1 could suppress the host immunity by silencing two host receptor-like kinase genes, MdRLKT1 and MdRLKT2.

A Novel DCL2-Dependent Micro-Like RNA -PC-3p-92107_6 Affects Pathogenicity by Regulating the Expression of - in .

Dicer proteins are mainly responsible for generating small RNAs (sRNAs), which are involved in gene silencing in most eukaryotes. In previous research, two DCL proteins in , the pathogenic fungus causing apple tree canker, were found associated with both the pathogenicity and generation of sRNAs. In this study, the differential expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) was analyzed based on the deep sequencing of the wild type and - mutant, respectively.

Incorporating Post-Cessation Weight-Control Coaching into Smoking Cessation Therapy to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk.

Post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) facilitates short-term type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in prediabetic smokers in the absence of complementary measures. In this shared decision-making-based non-randomized controlled trial, prediabetic smokers joined the Fight Tobacco and Stay Fit (FIT2) program or received usual care. The 16-week FIT2 program combined smoking cessation therapy with individualized coaching in diet and physical activity strategies for PCWG restriction (NCT01926041 at ClinicalTrials.

Shared Decision-Making Model for Adolescent Smoking Cessation: Pilot Cohort Study.

The control of tobacco use in adolescents is a critical public health issue that has long been studied, yet has received less attention than adult smoking cessation. Shared decision making (SDM) is a method that highlights a patient's preference-based medical decision. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel SDM-integrated cessation model and early intervention on the control of tobacco use in adolescents.

The Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA in PBMCs Is Upregulated in Smokers and Decreases Upon Smoking Cessation.

Background: Studies have shown that cigarette smoke condensate stimulates monocytes to express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and enhances their adhesion to the endothelium. However, the same effects of cigarette smoking have not been explored . This study is to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on their mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Vm-milR37 contributes to pathogenicity by regulating glutathione peroxidase gene VmGP in Valsa mali.

MicroRNAs play important roles in various biological processes by regulating their corresponding target genes. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of fungal microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) are still largely unknown. In this study, a milRNA (Vm-milR37) was isolated and identified from Valsa mali, which causes the most serious disease on the trunk of apple trees in China.

Adaptive regulation of virulence genes by microRNA-like RNAs in Valsa mali.

MicroRNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. However, little information is known about the action mechanism and function of fungal microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs). In this study, combining deep sequencing, molecular and histological assays, milRNAs and their targets in the phytopathogenic fungus Valsa mali were isolated and identified.

Doses of hepatitis B revaccination needed for the seronegative youths to be seropositive to antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen.

Objectives: To determine the required hepatitis B vaccine doses for subjects who were seronegative for three hepatitis B seromarkers during their youth who wish to have seroprotective antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. From 2012 to 2015, graduate school students born after 1986 who were seronegative for three hepatitis B virus seromarkers at college entrance (n = 1037) were recruited.

Addition of one session with a specialist counselor did not increase efficacy of a family physician-led smoking cessation program.

Objective Higher-intensity counseling sessions increase the smoking abstinence rate. However, counselors are limited in Taiwan. This study was performed to determine whether the addition of one session with a specialist counselor increases the efficacy of a family physician-led smoking cessation program.

A 10-year review of health care reform on Family Practice Integrated Care Project-Taiwan experience.

Objective: Taiwan has launched a Family Practice Integrated Care Project (FPICP) to develop an accountable family doctor system since March 2003. We aim to report the effectiveness of this nationwide demonstration programme over a 10-year period.

Methods: Papers and reports related to the FPICP published both in English and in Chinese from 2003 to 2015 were collected systematically based on keywords including 'family doctor', 'primary care', 'integrated care' and 'Taiwan'.

Change of government's subsidization policy improves smoking cessation services: a cross-sectional study from the perspectives of physicians.

Background: The Taiwanese government increased financial subsidies for smoking cessation services in 2012. We aimed to evaluate the effects of this new policy on smoking cessation services from the physician's perspective.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional nationwide survey.

Combine body mass index and body fat percentage measures to improve the accuracy of obesity screening in young adults.

Introduction: Obesity screening among young adult groups is meaningful. Body mass index (BMI) is limited to discriminate between fat and lean mass. Asian young adult group tends to have lower BMI and higher body fat percentage (BFP) than other ethnic groups.

Combination therapy of varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy is better than varenicline alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and premature death worldwide. Both varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) help achieve smoking cessation. However, limited evidence exists regarding whether combination of varenicline and NRT is more effective than either alone.

Plasma zinc α2-glycoprotein levels are elevated in smokers and correlated with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Smoking is a strong risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a protein involved in metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on plasma ZAG levels and its relations to metabolic syndrome.

Changes of serum adiponectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations after smoking cessation.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of increased serum adiponectin concentration during smoking cessation on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-six eligible smokers were assessed at baseline and were followed up at the 1st, 5th, and 9th weeks after smoking cessation. Demographic data, body weight and blood pressure of these participants were obtained; serum glucose biochemical data, sICAM-1 and adiponectin concentrations were measured.

Smokers show reduced circulating adiponectin levels and adiponectin mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Objectives: Circulating adiponectin levels in cigarette smokers are lower than those in nonsmokers. We have previously shown that adiponectin is expressed in human monocytes. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of smoking on adiponectin expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).