Analysis of Prognostic Factors for the Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Underwent Endoscopic Transnasal Optic Canal Decompression.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression (ETOCD) for patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and identify the relevant prognostic factors.

Methods: Seventy-two indirect TON patients who underwent ETOCD surgery from August 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The paired t-test was used to compare the visual acuity (VA) before and after ETOCD, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to distinguish the potential prognostic factors.

Experience Using the Pterional Keyhole Approach for the Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation.

Background: The pterional keyhole approach is a more recently introduced minimally invasive version of the traditional pterional approach for treating aneurysms of the anterior circulation.

Methods: In this study, we compared operative parameters and clinical outcomes in patients treated with the pterional keyhole approach and historical controls in whom the traditional pterional approach was used. We reviewer records of 356 patients treated with the pterional keyhole approach between 2009 and 2016, along with those of 301 patients treated via the traditional pterional approach at the same period who served as a control group.

Optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting penicillin induced seizures.

Penicillin epilepsy model, whose discharge resembles that of human absence epilepsy, is one of the most useful acute experimental epilepsy models. Though closed-loop optogenetic strategy of interrupting seizures was proved sufficient to switch off epilepsy by controlling thalamus in the post-lesion partial chronic epilepsy model, doubts still exist in absence epilepsy attenuation through silencing thalamus. Here we directly arrested the thalamus to modulate penicillin-induced absence seizures through pseudorandom responsive stimulation on eNpHR-transfected rats.

The K(+)-Cl(-) Cotransporter KCC2 and Chloride Homeostasis: Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Central Nervous System Injury.

The K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2) is a well-known member of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters with a restricted expression pattern to neurons. This transmembrane protein mediates the efflux of Cl(-) out of neurons and exerts a critical role in inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) and glycinergic neurotransmission. Moreover, KCC2 participates in the regulation of various physiological processes of neurons, including cell migration, dendritic outgrowth, spine morphology, and dendritic synaptogenesis.

Identification of the soluble form of tyrosine kinase receptor Axl as a potential biomarker for intracranial aneurysm rupture.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RIA) is a devastating condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the fact that RIAs can be prevented by microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling, there are no reliable means of effectively predicting IA patients at risk for rupture. The purpose of our study was to discover differentially-expressed glycoproteins in IAs with or without rupture as potential biomarkers to predict rupture.