Variance in development of early and late cardiotoxicities in patients with lymphoma and myeloma receiving CAR T-cell therapies.

Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) are recognized complications of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies. However, data are lacking regarding subtypes of adverse events that develop in patients with different malignancies, and little is known about the timeframe in which different cardiotoxicities are most likely to occur post-CAR T-cell therapies. In this study, 211 patients, including 138 lymphoma patients and 66 myeloma patients who received CAR T-cell therapies were retrospectively identified.

Subclinical Myocardial Fibrosis in South African Youth With HIV: Results From the CTAAC-Heart Study.

Background: Few data exist on myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in youth with HIV.

Methods: We performed cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) on a cross section of South African youth: youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), youth with nonperinatally acquired HIV (YNPHIV) receiving ART, and youth without HIV. Quantile regression models were fit to assess the association between HIV status and CMR outcomes: subclinical fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE] mass and fraction, native T1, extracellular volume) and inflammation (native T1, T2 mapping).

Association of early statin initiation during COVID-19 admission with inpatient mortality at an academic health system in Illinois, March 2020 to September 2022: a target trial emulation using observational data.

Objective: We assessed the association of early statin initiation with inpatient mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

Design, Setting And Participants: This observational study emulated a hypothetical target trial using electronic health records data from Northwestern Medicine Health System, Illinois, 2020-2022. We included patients who were ≥40 years, admitted ≥48 hours for COVID-19 from March 2020 to August 2022 and had no evidence of statin use before admission.

Integration of Primary Preventive Care of Cardiovascular Disease in a Retroviral Clinic in an adult retroviral clinic in Ibadan: A retrospective study.

Background: A consequence of improved survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV) is an aging population with an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). International guidelines recommend primary preventive strategies which should be integrated into routine care of PLHIV.

Aims: This study audited the ASCVD preventive practices offered to PLHIV at the adult antiretroviral clinic in Ibadan.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to study inflammation-induced aberrant calcium transient.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is commonly found in persons living with HIV (PLWH) even when antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV viremia. However, studying this condition has been challenging because an appropriate animal model is not available. In this article, we studied calcium transient in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in culture to simulate the cardiomyocyte relaxation defect noted in PLWH and HFpEF and assess whether various drugs have an effect.

Smoking and Type 1 Versus Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Among People With HIV in the United States: Results from the Center for AIDS Research Network Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort.

Smoking is a myocardial infarction (MI) risk factor among people with HIV (PWH). Questions persist regarding the role of smoking behaviors and measurements (e.g.

Prediction of Cumulative Exposure to Atherogenic Lipids During Early Adulthood.

Background: The ability of a 1-time measurement of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to predict the cumulative exposure to these lipids during early adulthood (age 18-40 years) and the associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk after age 40 years is not clear.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a 1-time measurement of non-HDL-C or LDL-C in a young adult can predict cumulative exposure to these lipids during early adulthood, and to quantify the association between cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C or LDL-C during early adulthood and the risk of ASCVD after age 40 years.

Methods: We included CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study) participants who were free of cardiovascular disease before age 40 years, were not taking lipid-lowering medications, and had ≥3 measurements of LDL-C and non-HDL-C before age 40 years.

Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Significance: A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

Immune cell profiling of the ICAM1 p.K56M heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk variant.

Aims: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) facilitates inflammation via leucocyte recruitment and has been implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Approximately 35% of African American individuals carry a copy of an ICAM1 missense variant (rs5491; p.K56M), which is associated with an increased risk of HFpEF.

Precision Phenotyping of Heart Failure in People with HIV: Early Insights and Challenges.

Purpose Of Review: People with HIV have an elevated risk of developing heart failure even with optimally controlled disease. In this review, we outline the various mechanisms through which HIV infection may directly and indirectly contribute to heart failure pathology and highlight the emerging relationship between HIV, chronic inflammation, and cardiometabolic disease.

Recent Findings: HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic imbalances even in those with well controlled disease.

Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Significance: A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

CCR2 monocytes promote white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction after myocardial infarction.

Survivors of myocardial infarction are at increased risk for vascular dementia. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, yet little is known about the cellular and molecular mediators of neuroinflammation after myocardial infarction. Using a mouse model of myocardial infarction coupled with flow cytometric analyses and immunohistochemistry, we discovered increased monocyte abundance in the brain after myocardial infarction, which was associated with increases in brain-resident perivascular macrophages and microglia.

Hybridization of graphene-gold plasmons for active control of mid-infrared radiation.

Many applications in environmental and biological sensing, standoff detection, and astronomy rely on devices that operate in the mid-infrared range, where active devices can play a critical role in advancing discovery and innovation. Nanostructured graphene has been proposed for active miniaturized mid-infrared devices via excitation of tunable surface plasmons, but typically present low efficiencies due to weak coupling with free-space radiation and plasmon damping. Here we present a strategy to enhance the light-graphene coupling efficiency, in which graphene plasmons couple with gold localized plasmons, creating novel hybridized plasmonic modes.

Evolving mechanisms and presentations of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV: implications for management.

People with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, among other CVD manifestations. Chronic immune dysregulation resulting in persistent inflammation is common among PWH, particularly those with sustained viremia and impaired CD4+ T cell recovery. This inflammatory milieu is a major contributor to CVDs among PWH, in concert with common comorbidities (such as dyslipidemia and smoking) and, to a lesser extent, off-target effects of antiretroviral therapy.

Remote Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence: Outlook for 2050.

Remote monitoring and artificial intelligence will become common and intertwined in anesthesiology by 2050. In the intraoperative period, technology will lead to the development of integrated monitoring systems that will integrate multiple data streams and allow anesthesiologists to track patients more effectively. This will free up anesthesiologists to focus on more complex tasks, such as managing risk and making value-based decisions.

Parasite DNA and Markers of Decreased Immune Activation Associate Prospectively with Cardiac Functional Decline over 10 Years among Seropositive Individuals in Brazil.

Parasitemia and inflammatory markers are cross-sectionally associated with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) among patients with . However, the prospective association of the parasite load and host immune response-related characteristics with CCC (that is, progressors) among seropositive individuals has only been partially defined. In a cohort of seropositive patients in Montes Claros and São Paulo, Brazil who were followed over 10 years, we identified the association of a baseline parasite load and systemic markers of inflammation with a decline in cardiac function and/or the presence of cardiac congestion 10 years later.

Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in HIV: practical insights in an evolving field.

People with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than people without HIV. As antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the natural history of HIV have evolved, so have the pathogenesis and manifestations of HIV-associated CVD. Epidemiologic data from several cohorts demonstrate that PWH have an approximately 50% higher risk than people without HIV for CVD, including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Emerging Roles for Dendritic Cells in Heart Failure.

The field of cardio-immunology has emerged from discoveries that define roles for innate and adaptive immune responses associated with myocardial inflammation and heart failure. Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise an important cellular compartment that contributes to systemic immune surveillance at the junction of innate and adaptive immunity. Once described as a singular immune subset, we now appreciate that DCs consist of a heterogeneous pool of subpopulations, each with distinct effector functions that can uniquely regulate the acute and chronic inflammatory response.

Myocardial strain is associated with adverse cardiac events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Background: Cardiovascular events, including heart failure and arrhythmias, following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are increasingly recognized. Although global longitudinal strain (GLS) has demonstrated prognostic utility for other cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, less is known regarding the association of GLS with adverse cardiac events following CAR T-cell therapy.

Objectives: To determine the association of baseline GLS with adverse cardiovascular events in adults receiving CAR-T cell therapy.