Naringenin loaded fucoidan/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles protect against folic acid induced acute kidney injury in vitro and in vivo.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem with no effective treatment. Excessive folic acid (FA) induced kidney tubular injury is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation, and is a common model of AKI. The excellent pharmacological activity of naringenin (NAR) makes it a potential agent for treating AKI, but its poor solubility limits its application.