A Gln alteration influences leaf morphogenesis by mediating gibberellin levels in tobacco.

Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth and development. While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which nitrate and/or ammonium regulate plant growth, little is known about whether and how amino acids regulate plant leaf development. This study demonstrates that tobacco plants with altered expression levels of an amino acid transporter (LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1, NtLHT1, Ntab0818090) exhibit significant differences in leaf morphology.

Tea Saponins: a Novel Stabilizer for Enhancing the Oral Bioavailability of Albendazole Nanocrystals.

Albendazole serves as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic medication for treating hydatid cysts and neurocysticercosis. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is limited by poor solubility. Nanocrystals offer a promising technology to address this limitation by enhancing drug solubility.

Risk factors in immune-related recurrent spontaneous abortion and construction of predictive models.

Objectives: To explore the risk factors associated with immune-related recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA) and to develop a predictive model to identify high-risk individuals, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for RSA prevention.

Methods: This retrospective study included 120 patients with RSA who were treated at Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between January 2022 and January 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the nature of their miscarriages: the IRSA group (observation group, n=58) and the non-IRSA group (control group, n=62).

Homoplantaginin alleviates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial senescence by inhibiting mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway via blunting DRP1-mitochondrial fission-VDAC1 axis.

Vascular endothelial senescence is a major risk factor for diabetic vascular complications. Abnormal mitochondrial fission by dynamically related protein 1 (DRP1) accelerates vascular endothelial cell senescence. Homoplantaginin (Hom) is a flavonoid in Salvia plebeia R.

Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage.

The most prevalent chronic liver disease, known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is characterized by an excessive accumulation of lipids and oxidative damage. , a natural herbal medicine widely used by Chinese folk, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and lipid metabolism-regulating effects. Here, we explored the effect of extract (CGE) on MASLD using palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

ADORA3 activation promotes goblet cell differentiation via enhancing HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis in ulcerative colitis.

ADORA3 is mainly expressed in intestinal tract, and has the potential to promote the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), the function-related factor of goblet cells, under asthma conditions. This study aims to confirm the induction and mechanisms of ADORA3 activation on goblet cells in ulcerative colitis (UC). A significant decrease in ADORA3 expression was found in mucosal biopsies from UC patients and in the colons of colitis mice.

Osmosensor-mediated control of Ca spiking in pollen germination.

Higher plants survive terrestrial water deficiency and fluctuation by arresting cellular activities (dehydration) and resuscitating processes (rehydration). However, how plants monitor water availability during rehydration is unknown. Although increases in hypo-osmolarity-induced cytosolic Ca concentration (HOSCA) have long been postulated to be the mechanism for sensing hypo-osmolarity in rehydration, the molecular basis remains unknown.

Homoplantaginin attenuates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting store-operated calcium entry channel and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objectives: The activation of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by high glucose (HG) is recognized as a major cause of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of homoplantaginin (Hom) on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Methods: HG-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat-isolated thoracic aortas were established to observe the protective effect of Hom, further evaluated the mechanism of SOCE channel and ERS in the pathogenesis.

The wall-associated kinase gene family in pea (Pisum sativum) and its function in response to B deficiency and Al toxicity.

Plant cell walls are embedded in a pectin matrix which is physically linked with the wall-associated kinases (WAKs), a subfamily of receptor-like kinases that participate in the cell wall integrity (CWI) sensing. Since cell walls are also the main binding sites for boron (B) and aluminum (Al), WAK may be potentially associated with the regulation of plant responses to Al toxicity and B deficiency. Using pea as a model species, we have identified a total of 28 WAK genes in the genome and named them according to its chromosomal location.

Exogenous calcium regulates the growth and development of Pinus massoniana detecting by physiological, proteomic, and calcium-related genes expression analysis.

Pinus massoniana is an important industrial crop tree species commonly used for timber and wood pulp for papermaking, rosin, and turpentine. This study investigated the effects of exogenous calcium (Ca) on P. massoniana seedling growth, development, and various biological processes and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Homoplantaginin attenuates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through promoting autophagy via the AMPK/TFEB pathway.

Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury is a key factor in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Homoplantaginin (Hom), one of the main flavonoids from Salvia plebeia R. Br.

Boron supply restores aluminum-blocked auxin transport by the modulation of PIN2 trafficking in the root apical transition zone.

The supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; however, the mechanistic basis of this process remains elusive. This study filled this knowledge gap, demonstrating that boron modifies auxin distribution and transport in Al-exposed Arabidopsis roots. In B-deprived roots, treatment with Al induced an increase in auxin content in the root apical meristem zone (MZ) and transition zone (TZ), whereas in the elongation zone (EZ) the auxin content was decreased beyond the level required for adequate growth.

Large-leaf yellow tea attenuates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by up-regulating autophagy and down-regulating oxidative stress.

Vascular endothelial cell injury induced by high glucose (HG) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic vascular complications. Yellow tea has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear.

Scutellarin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing IRE1α/XBP1 pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent liver disease characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy play an important role in lipid accumulation. In this study, scutellarin (Scu) was examined in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells and C57/BL6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Influence of Bushen Tiaochong Cycle Therapy on Th1/Th2 Deviation, Sex Hormone Level, and Pregnancy Outcome of Alloimmune Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.

Objective: To analyze the influence of Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy on Th1/Th2 deviation, sex hormone level, and pregnancy outcome of alloimmune recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Methods: From August 2018 to April 2020, 130 patients with alloimmune RSA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group ( = 65) and the study group ( = 65). The former received lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT), and the latter received Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy on the basis of LIT.

Flg22-induced Ca increases undergo desensitization and resensitization.

The flagellin epitope flg22, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), binds to the receptor-like kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and triggers Ca influx across the plasma membrane (PM). The flg22-induced increases in cytosolic Ca concentration ([Ca ] ) (FICA) play a crucial role in plant innate immunity. It's well established that the receptor FLS2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst undergo sensitivity adaptation after flg22 stimulation, referred to as desensitization and resensitization, to prevent over responses to pathogens.

Geniposide suppresses liver injury in a mouse model of DDC-induced sclerosing cholangitis.

Sclerosing cholangitis, characterized by biliary inflammation, fibrosis, and stricturing, remains one of the most challenging conditions of clinical hepatology. Geniposide (GE) has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cholagogic effects. Whether GE provides inhibition on the development of sclerosing cholangitis is unknown.

Scutellarin ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the main active ingredients of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease including vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes.

Hepatic metabolic regulation by nuclear factor E4BP4.

Discovered as a b-ZIP transcription repressor 30 years ago, E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4) has been shown to play critical roles in immunity, circadian rhythms, and cancer progression. Recent research has highlighted E4BP4 as a novel regulator of metabolisms in various tissues. In this review, we focus on the function and mechanisms of hepatic E4BP4 in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, bile metabolism, as well as xenobiotic metabolism.

Combination treatment of gemcitabine and sorafenib exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect on non-small cell lung cancer and via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process.

Standard chemotherapy is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its therapeutic efficacy remains low. Combination therapy for cancer treatment has attracted attention in recent years.

Improving Solubility and Bioavailability of Breviscapine with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Prepared Using Ultrasound-Assisted Solution-Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids Method.

Background: Breviscapine (BRE) has significant efficacy in cardiovascular disease, but the poor water solubility of breviscapine affects its oral absorption and limits its clinical application. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCF-CO) technology was used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of BRE loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs).

Methods: The solubility of BRE in SCF-CO was measured under various conditions to investigate the feasibility of preparing drug-loaded MSNs by using ultrasound-assisted solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (USEDS).

Hydrogen peroxide sensor HPCA1 is an LRR receptor kinase in Arabidopsis.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues. HO enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and cellular processes. However, whether sensors for HO also exist on the cell surface remains unknown.

Scutellarin, a modulator of mTOR, attenuates hepatic insulin resistance by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via SREBP-1c suppression.

High levels of consumption of saturated lipids have been largely associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the effective traditional Chinese medicines considered beneficial for liver diseases and diabetes.