CDC42 Regulates the ERK Pathway to Improve Oxygen‒Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Neural Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

CDC42 regulates neural morphology, differentiation, and injury and modifies oxidative stress and neural immune infiltration, but its effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neural injury has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CDC42 overexpression on neural injury and oxidative stress during the OGD/R process. The OGD/R cellular model was established by culturing HT22 cells in glucose-free medium under hypoxic conditions for 2, 4, or 6 h and then transferring them to complete medium and a standard environment for another 24 h.

Characteristics and clinical significance of immune cells in omental milky spots of patients with gastric cancer.

The omentum is a common site of peritoneal metastasis in various cancers, including gastric cancer. It contains immune cell aggregates known as milky spots, which provide a microenvironment for peritoneal immunity by regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we investigated gene expression profiles in cells from omental milky spots of patients with gastric cancer (n = 37) by RNA sequencing analysis and classified the patients into four groups (G1-4).

The value of a metabolic and immune-related gene signature and adjuvant therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a dismal prognosis. Treatment outcomes exhibit substantial variability across patients, underscoring the urgent need for robust predictive models to effectively estimate survival probabilities and therapeutic responses in PDAC.

Methods: Metabolic and immune-related genes exhibiting differential expression were identified using the TCGA-PDAC and GTEx datasets.

Multi-omics analysis-based clinical and functional significance of a novel prognostic and immunotherapeutic gene signature derived from amino acid metabolism pathways in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Studies have shown that tumor cell amino acid metabolism is closely associated with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development and progression. However, the comprehensive multi-omics features and clinical impact of the expression of genes associated with amino acid metabolism in the LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) are yet to be fully understood.

Methods: LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were enrolled in the training cohort.

Prognostic Significance of Plasma Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Levels in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released from neutrophils are related to cancer progression. However, the relationship between the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies and plasma NET concentration in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In this study, concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), a surrogate marker of NETs, in plasma before/after treatment were examined in patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC undergoing ICI treatment (n = 185).

Thymic carcinoid with multiple bone metastases: A case report.

Background: Thymic carcinoid (TC) is a rare entity among anterior mediastinal malignancies. TCs are neuroendocrine carcinomas that constitute approximately 2%-5% of all thymic epithelial tumors.

Case Summary: The study reported a rare TC with multiple bone metastases.

MMP1, IL-1β, sTNFR-1, and IL-6 are prognostic factors for patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Few studies have reported reliable prognostic factors for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we investigated prognostic factors in patients treated with ICIs for unresectable or metastatic RCC.

Methods: We included 43 patients who received ICI treatment for RCC between January 2018 and October 2021.

Regioselective Deacetylation of Peracetylated Deoxy--glycopyranosides by Boron Trichloride (BCl).

A general approach for regioselective deacetylation at sugar 3-OH of peracetylated 6-deoxy--glucopyranosides mediated by BCl was developed. The approach could be extended to other sugar-derived 6-deoxy--glycopyranosides, such as those derived from mannose, galactose, and rhamnose, with deacetylation occurring at varied sugar hydroxyl groups, and further extended to 4-deoxy--glucopyranosides with deacetylation occurring at sugar 3-OH. The approach would enable access to synthetically challenging carbohydrate derivatives.

Circulating IL-6 and not its circulating signaling components sIL-6R and sgp130 demonstrate clinical significance in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Clinical roles of plasma IL-6 levels have been reported in patients with various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the roles of other IL-6 signaling components, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble gp130 (sgp130), in the plasma have not been elucidated. Blood was collected from 106 patients with NSCLC before initiation of ICI treatment (anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody).

Serum MYCN as a predictive biomarker of prognosis and therapeutic response in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.

The proto-oncogene MYCN expression marked a cancer stem-like cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and served as a therapeutic target of acyclic retinoid (ACR), an orally administered vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in reducing HCC recurrence. This study investigated the role of MYCN as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic response to ACR and prognosis of HCC. MYCN gene expression in HCC was analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas and a Taiwanese cohort (N = 118).

Enhancing Mass spectrometry-based tumor immunopeptide identification: machine learning filter leveraging HLA binding affinity, aliphatic index and retention time deviation.

Accurately identifying neoantigens is crucial for developing effective cancer vaccines and improving tumor immunotherapy. Mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics has emerged as a promising approach to identifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells, but false-positive identifications remain a significant challenge. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing were utilized to identify HLA-presenting neoantigenic peptides resulting from non-synonymous single nucleotide variations in tumor tissues from 18 patients with renal cell carcinoma or pancreatic cancer.

Immune mediators as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in urothelial carcinoma.

This study aimed to identify immune mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, in the plasma for predicting treatment efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We enrolled 57 patients with aUC who were treated with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy between February 2018 and December 2020. Plasma levels of 73 soluble immune mediators were measured before and 6 weeks after initiating pembrolizumab therapy.

circRNA_0001006 predicts prognosis and regulates cellular processes of triple-negative breast cancer via miR-424-5p.

Background: circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been considered novel biomarker candidates for human cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). circ_0001006 was identified as a differentially expressed circRNA in metastatic breast cancer, but its significance and function in TNBC were unclear. The significance of circ_0001006 in TNBC was assessed and exploring its potential molecular mechanism to provide a therapeutic target for TNBC.

Clinical roles of soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 in plasma of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a limited proportion of patients can benefit from this therapy, and clinically useful predictive biomarkers remain to be elucidated.

Methods: Blood was collected from 189 patients with NSCLC before and six weeks after the initiation of ICI treatment (anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody).

CircRNA CircABCB1 Diminishes the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Docetaxel by Sponging MiR-153-3p.

Resistance to docetaxel is a major problem to the success of docetaxel-based therapies for breast cancer. The present study was to identify the role of circABCB1 in altering the docetaxel resistance properties. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to quantify circABCB1 and miR-153-3p.

LncRNA-NEAT1 inhibits the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer through spongy miR-146b-5p/traf6.

To investigate the inhibitory effect of LNCNA-NEA1 on pancreatic cancer development and progression via spongiosa miR-146b-5p/TRAF6, 60 pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected as a general source of information. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of NEAT1 in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell were used to determine the effect of LNCNA-NEA1 on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1).

Iodine-Modified Ag NPs for Highly Sensitive SERS Detection of Deltamethrin Residues on Surfaces.

It is essential to estimate the indoor pesticides/insecticides exposure risk since reports show that 80% of human exposure to pesticides occurs indoors. As one of the three major contamination sources, surface collected pesticides contributed significantly to this risk. Here, a highly sensitive liquid freestanding membrane (FSM) SERS method based on iodide modified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was developed for quantitative detection of insecticide deltamethrin (DM) residues in solution phase samples and on surfaces with good accuracy and high sensitivity.

Identification of salmoniformes aquaculture conditions to increase creatine and anserine levels using multiomics dataset and nonnumerical information.

Aquaculture is attracting attention as a sustainable protein source. Salmoniformes, which are generally called salmon, are consumed in large quantities worldwide and are popularly used for aquaculture. In this study, the relationship between muscle metabolites, intestinal microbiota, and nonnumerical information about the ecology of salmoniformes was investigated to improve the efficiency of aquaculture using nuclear magnetic resonance and next-generation sequencing with bioinformatics approach.

Proliferation, Metastasis, and Radiosensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells in the Expression and Effect of Kiwifruit Extract through the Regulation of miR-205-5p.

Background: Radix Actinidiae extract (RAE) has been shown to inhibit cancer in many studies, but its potential mechanism in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) progression remains unclear.

Methods: NPC cells (SUNE1) were treated with different doses of RAE. For transfection, SUNE1 cells were transfected with the microRNA (miR)-205-5p inhibitor (anti-miR-205-5p) or mimic followed by treatment with 200 g/mL RAE for 24 h.

lncRNA LINC000466 Predicts the Prognosis and Promotes the Progression of Triple-negative Breast Cancer via Modulating miR-539-5p.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most malignant subtypes of breast cancer with an unsatisfied prognosis. Effective biomarkers could predict the risk and improve patients' survival. Whether LINC00466 possesses the potential to serve as a biomarker of the progression and prognosis of TNBC was evaluated.

The value of miR-510 in the prognosis and development of colon cancer.

Purpose: Colon cancer is one of the malignant tumors that threatens human health. miR-510 was demonstrated to play roles in the progression of various cancers; its dysregulation was speculated to be associated with the development of colon cancer.

Methods: One hundred and thirteen colon cancer patients participated in this research.

Inhibition of Ganglioside Synthesis Suppressed Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation through Targeting Kinetochore Metaphase Signaling.

The incidence and mortality of liver cancer, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have increased during the last two decades, partly due to persistent inflammation in the lipid-rich microenvironment associated with lifestyle diseases, such as obesity. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids known to be important in the organization of the membrane and membrane protein-mediated signal transduction. Ganglioside synthesis is increased in several types of cancers and has been proposed as a promising target for cancer therapy.

Relaxometric learning: a pattern recognition method for T relaxation curves based on machine learning supported by an analytical framework.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based relaxometry is widely used in various fields of research because of its advantages such as simple sample preparation, easy handling, and relatively low cost compared with metabolomics approaches. However, there have been no reports on the application of the T relaxation curves in metabolomics studies involving the evaluation of metabolic mixtures, such as geographical origin determination and feature extraction by pattern recognition and data mining. In this study, we describe a data mining method for relaxometric data (i.