Utilizing machine learning approaches to investigate the relationship between cystatin C and serious complications in esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative cystatin C levels and the risk of serious postoperative complications in esophageal cancer (EC) patients, utilizing advanced machine learning (ML) methodologies.

Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study, involving 524 EC patients from December 2014 to July 2022. ML models, including logistic regression (LR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were applied to investigate the relationship between cystatin C and the serious postoperative complications.

Grip-Strength-Lean-Mass Index (GSLMI) as a valuable tool for sarcopenia diagnosis and survival prognosis in cancer patients: a nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: To identify whether the Grip-Strength-Lean-Mass Index (GSLMI) can precisely diagnose sarcopenia and predict prognosis for cancer patients in clinical settings.

Design: A nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Setting And Participants: 8,831 inpatients aged 18 years and older, histologically diagnosed with cancer and receiving anti-cancer therapy.

Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)-defined sarcopenia increases the mortality of esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy: A Chinese real-world cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the impact of the definition of the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) on mortality in esophageal cancer (EC) patients, postesophagectomy, within a Chinese cohort and to validate the effectiveness of a new GLIS framework in oncology.

Methods: We performed an observational real-world cohort study in a single center at Daping Hospital of the Army Medical University in China, spanning from December 2014 to July 2022. We used the combined definition of muscle mass and muscle strength in a new GLIS framework for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram for frailty in cancer patients.

Background: The presence of frailty decreases the overall survival of cancer patients. An accurate and operational diagnostic method is needed to help clinicians choose the most appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from 10 649 cancer patients who were prospectively enrolled in the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers (INSCOC) project in China from July 2013 to August 2022.

l-Carnitine relieves cachexia-related skeletal muscle fibrosis by inducing deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3L to negatively regulate the Runx2/COL1A1 axis.

Background: Cancer cachexia-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis (SMF) impairs muscle regeneration, alters the muscle structure and function, reduces the efficacy of anticancer drugs, diminishes the patient's quality of life and shortens overall survival. RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a transcription factor, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), the principal constituent of SMF, have been linked previously, with Runx2 shown to directly modulate COL1A1 mRNA levels. l-Carnitine, a marker of cancer cachexia, can alleviate fibrosis in liver and kidney models; however, its role in cancer cachexia-associated fibrosis and the involvement of Runx2 in the process remain unexplored.

Value of the modified Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment in indicating the need for nutrition intervention and predicting overall survival in patients with malignant tumors in at least two organs.

Background: Although the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a reference standard used to assess a patient's nutrition status, it is cumbersome to administer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the value of a simpler and easier-to-use modified PG-SGA (mPG-SGA) to evaluate the nutrition status and need for intervention in patients with malignant tumors present in at least two organs.

Methods: A total of 591 patients (343 male and 248 female) were included from the INSCOC study.

Association of possible sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer: A nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: The concept of possible sarcopenia (PS) was recently introduced to enable timely intervention in settings without the technologies required to make a full diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between PS and all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Comparison of the performance of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting survival among lung cancer patients: A multicenter study.

Background & Aims: The present study aimed to compare the ability of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA to diagnose malnutrition and predict survival among Chinese lung cancer (LC) patients.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, nationwide cohort study, 6697 LC inpatients were enrolled between July 2013 and June 2020. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), and quadratic weighted Kappa coefficients were calculated to compare the ability to diagnose malnutrition.

Triceps skinfold-albumin index significantly predicts the prognosis of cancer cachexia: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: The fat mass and nutritional status play important roles in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia. The present study evaluated the joint prognostic value of the fat mass, as indicated by the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and the serum albumin level, for mortality in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study including 5134 patients with cancer cachexia from January 2013 to April 2019.

Development and validation of an online dynamic nomogram system for predicting cancer cachexia among inpatients: a real-world cohort study in China.

Background: Early recognition of cachexia is essential for ensuring the prompt intervention and treatment of cancer patients. However, the diagnosis of cancer cachexia (CC) usually is delayed. This study aimed to establish an accurate and high-efficiency diagnostic system for CC.

GLIM-defined malnutrition and overall survival in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

Background: Malnutrition defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been associated with cancer mortality, but the effect is limited and inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis aiming to assess this relationship in patients with cancer.

Methods: We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from January 1, 2019, to July 1, 2022.

Identifying cancer cachexia in patients without weight loss information: machine learning approaches to address a real-world challenge.

Background: Diagnosing cancer cachexia relies extensively on patient-reported historic weight, and failure to accurately recall this information can lead to severe underestimation of cancer cachexia.

Objectives: The present study aimed to develop inexpensive tools to facilitate the identification of cancer cachexia in patients without weight loss information.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 12,774 patients with cancer.

A New Nomogram Model for Predicting 1-Year All-Cause Mortality After Hip Arthroplasty in Nonagenarians With Hip Fractures: A 20-Year Period Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: China has become an ageing society and as it continues to age, it will face an increasing number of hip fractures in nonagenarians. However, few preoperative assessment tools to determine the postoperative mortality risk in nonagenarians with hip fracture were available. The aim of this study was to identify all-cause mortality risk factors after hip arthroplasty in nonagenarians with hip fractures and to establish a new nomogram model to optimize the individualized hip arthroplasty in nonagenarians with hip fractures.

Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Although malnutrition remains a global public health concern, and has proved to be a major contributor to death and illness, there has been a foundational lack of a gold standard for diagnostic testing for clinical application. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were established to normalize the diagnosis of malnutrition, but their use remains controversial. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis based on the published literature to assess the accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition.

Creation and Assessment of a Prognostic Fat-Age-Inflammation Index "FAIN" in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and is related to multiple impaired clinical outcomes in cancer patients. This study aimed to create an objective, nutrition-related index specially for prognostic purposes in oncology populations.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study including 14,134 cancer patients.

A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Dietary Fiber Intake and Breast Cancer Risk.

Whether dietary fiber intake could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. The articles related to breast cancer and dietary fiber were retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science database. Summary relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percentage (ARP) for dietary fiber intake on the development of breast cancer were calculated.

Association study of SNPs in LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population.

Background: The study aimed to analysis the genetic variation of the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs, and explored the regulation of SNPs on the invasion and metastasis of Breast cancer (BC).

Methods: The SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) was screened for genotyping among 504 Chinese Han patients and 505 controls, which were frequency-matched for age ( ± 2 years). Logistic analysis was to explore the relationship between SNPs and the BC risk.

Polymorphisms in lncRNA and susceptibility to breast cancer in Chinese population.

Background: Published studies based on pharmacokinetics have explored the relationship between the lncRNA and the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) resistance and recurrence. However, the underlying association of SNPs with BC development remains unclear.

Methods: Combining bioinformatics and databases, SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in the gene were screened, and SNPs in the lncRNA were selected for genotyping among 504 Chinese Han patients and 505 healthy controls, which were frequency-matched for age (±2 years).

Several anthropometric measurements and cancer mortality: predictor screening, threshold determination, and joint analysis in a multicenter cohort of 12138 adults.

Background: Anthropometric measurements (AMs) are cost-effective surrogates for evaluating body size. This study aimed to identify the optimal prognostic AMs, their thresholds, and their joint associations with cancer mortality.

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 12138 patients with cancer at five institutions in China.

A fusion decision system to identify and grade malnutrition in cancer patients: Machine learning reveals feasible workflow from representative real-world data.

Background And Aims: Most nutritional assessment tools are based on pre-defined questionnaires or consensus guidelines. However, it has been postulated that population data can be used directly to develop a solution for assessing malnutrition. This study established a machine learning (ML)-based, individualized decision system to identify and grade malnutrition using large-scale data from cancer patients.

Fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold thickness enhances the prognostic value of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with lung cancer.

The present study evaluated whether fat mass assessment using the triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness provides additional prognostic value to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework in patients with lung cancer (LC). We performed an observational cohort study including 2672 LC patients in China. Comprehensive demographic, disease and nutritional characteristics were collected.

Comparison of the AWGS and optimal stratification-defined handgrip strength thresholds for predicting survival in patients with lung cancer.

Objectives: Handgrip strength (HGS) is related to cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS)- and optimal stratification (OS)-defined HGS thresholds for predicting the survival of patients with lung cancer (LC).

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 3230 patients with LC admitted to five institutions in China from November 2011 to January 2019.

Sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis from prospective studies.

Background: Emerging studies examined the association between sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer, however, the dose-response relationship remained unclear. We aim to explore dose-response relationship of sedentary behavior and breast cancer risk based on relevant cohort studies.

Methods: Online database (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were searched up to March 29, 2019.