Effect of Age at Liver Transplant on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Adolescents.

: Life expectancy for pediatric liver transplant patients has increased over the past decade. Different stages of the transplant process can impact patients' quality of life (QOL) and create psychological and physical stressors. This study explored whether age at transplant affected adolescents' feelings of anxiety, depression, and QOL.

Application of cell-free DNA fungal polymerase chain reaction for invasive fungal disease evaluation in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients.

Background: Molecular diagnostics may enable early, noninvasive detection of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in immunocompromised patients. Cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were recently incorporated into institutional prolonged febrile neutropenia pathways. We aimed to evaluate the performance of plasma cfDNA PCR panels (mold and Candida panels) in pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with clinical concern for IFD.

Computing the Cost of Care per Patient per Day for Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Purpose: Patients with well-differentiated, low-grade metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) usually have a long median survival and require complex, expensive care over many years at multidisciplinary centers. The cost burden for patients and institutions serves as a barrier to care. Understanding the drivers of these costs and whether intense monitoring adds value will help to optimize value-based care.

Spiritual Care in PICUs: A U.S. Survey of 245 Training Fellows 2020-2021.

Objectives: To understand the perspectives of pediatric fellows training in critical care subspecialties about providing spiritual care.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of United States National Residency Matching Program pediatric fellows training in critical care specialties.

Setting: Online survey open from April to May 2021.

Association of dietary adherence and dietary quality with weight loss success among those following low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a secondary analysis of the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial.

Background: Eating a high-quality diet or adhering to a given dietary strategy may influence weight loss. However, these 2 factors have not been examined concurrently for those following macronutrient-limiting diets.

Objective: To determine whether improvement in dietary quality, change in dietary macronutrient composition, or the combination of these factors is associated with differential weight loss when following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) or healthy low-fat (HLF) diet.

Linear hair growth rates in preschool children.

Background: Human scalp hair is a validated bio-substrate for monitoring various exposures in childhood including contextual stressors, environmental toxins, prescription or non-prescription drugs. Linear hair growth rates (HGR) are required to accurately interpret hair biomarker concentrations.

Methods: We measured HGR in a prospective cohort of preschool children (N = 266) aged 9-72 months and assessed demographic factors, anthropometrics, and hair protein content (HPC).

Effectiveness of a Community-Based Structured Physical Activity Program for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The efficacy of physical activity interventions among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been established; however, practical approaches to translate and extend these findings into community settings have not been well explored.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of providing varying frequencies of weekly structured exercise sessions to improve diabetes control.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The IMPACT (Initiate and Maintain Physical Activity in Communities Trial) study was a controlled randomized clinical trial (randomization occurred from October 2016 to April 2019) that included a 6-month, structured exercise intervention either once or thrice weekly vs usual care (UC; advice only).

DXA Versus Clinical Measures of Adiposity as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women.

Objective: To investigate whether dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimates of adiposity improve risk prediction for cardiometabolic diseases over traditional surrogates, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in older women.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed up to 9744 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years participating in the Women's Health Initiative who underwent a DXA scan and were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline (October 1993 to December 1998) and followed through September 2015. Baseline BMI, WC, WHR, and DXA-derived percent total-body and trunk fat (%TrF) were incorporated into multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of incident diabetes, atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), heart failure, and death.

Diffuse Axonal Injury Grade on Early MRI is Associated with Worse Outcome in Children with Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children, but effective tools for predicting outcome remain elusive. Although many pediatric patients receive early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), data on its utility in prognostication are lacking. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a hallmark of TBI detected on early MRI and was shown previously to improve prognostication in adult patients with TBI.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Personalized Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment vs Education to Promote Screening Uptake.

Introduction: Risk stratification has been proposed as a strategy to improve participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but evidence is lacking. We performed a randomized controlled trial of risk stratification using the National Cancer Institute's Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (CCRAT) on screening intent and completion.

Methods: A total of 230 primary care patients eligible for first-time CRC screening were randomized to risk assessment via CCRAT or education control.

Resilience and CVD-protective Health Behaviors in Older Women: Examining Racial and Ethnic Differences in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative.

Unlabelled: Little is known about the relationship between self-reported psychological resilience (resilience) and health behaviors shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines the associations between resilience and CVD-related risk factors, such as diet, smoking, physical activity, sleep, and alcohol consumption among older American women from diverse backgrounds.

Methods: A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted on 77,395 women (mean age 77 years, Black ( = 4475, 5.

[Effects of salt and drought stresses on rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and peanut yield].

A pot experiment with Huayu 25 as experimental material was conducted, with treatments of drought and salt stresses. The effects of drought and salt stresses at the flowering stage on the plant morphology, pod yield, and soil bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere were examined. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla in the rhizosphere soil of peanut.

Comparing enhanced versus standard Diabetes Prevention Program among indigenous adults in an urban setting: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Indigenous people in the United States are at high risk for diabetes. Psychosocial stressors like historical trauma may impede success in diabetes prevention programs.

Methods: A comparative effectiveness trial compared a culturally tailored diabetes prevention program (standard group) with an enhanced one that addressed psychosocial stressors (enhanced group) in 2015 to 2017.

Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with hair cortisol concentrations in preschool children.

Background: Early life stress has enduring effects on physical and mental health. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) reflect exposures to contextual stressors in early life, but are understudied in preschool children.

Methods: Hair samples from children (N = 693) during clinic visits (CVs) scheduled at 1-4 years (CV1-CV4) were measured using validated assay methods for HCC.

Measuring socioeconomic adversity in early life.

Aim: Early life adversity leads to enduring effects on physical and mental health, school performance and other outcomes. We sought to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with socioeconomic adversity in early life.

Methods: We enrolled 1503 pregnant women aged 16-40 years, without pregnancy complications or pre-existing conditions from Shelby County, Tennessee.

Birth Location of Infants with Critical Congenital Heart Disease in California.

The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from level I to IV based on the acuity of care each unit can provide. Birth in a higher level center is associated with lower morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations. Congenital heart disease accounts for 25-50% of infant mortality related to birth defects in the U.

An in situ SERS study of ionic transport and the Joule heating effect in plasmonic nanopores.

Understanding the ionic transport behaviour as well as temperature change caused by the Joule heating effect is important for the application of plasmonic nanopores. To explore the basic properties of ionic transport through nanopores, we assemble gold nanoparticles on the tip of a glass nanopipette to form a hydrophilic gold porous structure (hydro-GPS) that exhibits high Raman activity.

Worldwide Practice Patterns in Lynch Syndrome Diagnosis and Management, Based on Data From the International Mismatch Repair Consortium.

Background & Aims: Families with a history of Lynch syndrome often do not adhere to guidelines for genetic testing and screening. We investigated practice patterns related to Lynch syndrome worldwide, to ascertain potential targets for research and public policy efforts.

Methods: We collected data from the International Mismatch Repair Consortium (IMRC), which comprises major research and clinical groups engaged in the care of families with Lynch syndrome worldwide.

Passive Nocturnal Physiologic Monitoring Enables Early Detection of Exacerbations in Children with Asthma. A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Rationale: Asthma management depends on prompt identification of symptoms, which challenges both patients and providers. In asthma, a misapprehension of health between exacerbations can compromise compliance. Thus, there is a need for a tool that permits objective longitudinal monitoring without increasing the burden of patient compliance.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to lung cancer incidence and mortality in older women: The Women's Health Initiative.

Physical activity has been associated with lower lung cancer incidence and mortality in several populations. We investigated these relationships in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) and Clinical Trial (WHI-CT) prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. The WHI study enrolled 161,808 women aged 50-79 years between 1993 and 1998 at 40 U.

Development and evaluation of an enhanced diabetes prevention program with psychosocial support for urban American Indians and Alaska natives: A randomized controlled trial.

Diabetes is highly prevalent, affecting over 25 million adults in the US, yet it can be effectively prevented through lifestyle interventions, including the well-tested Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adults, the majority of whom live in urban settings, are more than twice as likely to develop diabetes as non-Hispanic whites. Additionally, prevalent mental health issues and psychosocial stressors may facilitate progression to diabetes and hinder successful implementation of lifestyle interventions for AIAN adults.

Coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women.

Background: The associations of coffee and caffeine intakes with the risk of incident hypertension remain controversial.

Objective: We sought to assess longitudinal relations of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and total caffeine intakes with mean blood pressure and incident hypertension in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Design: In a large prospective study, type and amount of coffee and total caffeine intakes were assessed by using self-reported questionnaires.

[Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilization on peanut root morphological development and leaf physiological activities].

Taking 'Huayu 22' peanut as test material, effect of soil water content and nitrogen fertilization on the leaf physiological activities and root morphological characteristics of peanut plants were analyzed. Two levels of soil water condition were: (1) well-watered condition and (2) moderate water stress, and three levels of nitrogen were: (1) none nitrogen (N0), (2) moderate nitrogen (N1, 90 kg · hm(-2)) and (3) high nitrogen (N2, 180 kg · hm(-2)). The results showed that N1 significantly increased the peanut yield under two water conditions, but showed no significant effect on harvest index compared with N0.