Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate microglia phenotypes: a promising treatment for acute central nervous system injury.

There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system (CNS) inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progression. In acute CNS injury, brain microglia are among the first cells to respond and play a critical role in neural repair and regeneration. However, microglial activation can also impede CNS repair and amplify tissue damage, and phenotypic transformation may be responsible for this dual role.

The procalcitonin-to-cortisol ratio is a potential prognostic predictor in sepsis with abdominal source: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the procalcitonin-to-cortisol ratio (P/C ratio) as a prognostic predictor among septic patients with abdominal source.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 132 post-surgery patients between 18 and 90 years old with sepsis of the abdominal source. On the second day of sepsis onset, cortisol, procalcitonin (PCT), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, C-response protein (CRP), and other baseline characteristics were collected.

Clinically Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Early Prediction of Mortality in Older Patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: An International Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is associated with a high risk of mortality among older patients. Current severity scores are limited in their ability to assist clinicians with triage and management decisions. We aim to develop mortality prediction models for older patients with MODS admitted to the ICU.

Protective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Central Nervous System Injury in Heat Stroke.

Background: Heatstroke (HS) is a serious disease caused by central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as delirium, convulsion, and coma. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated novel neuroprotective effects; therefore, this research explores the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of MSCs against HS injury.

Methods: HS rat models were induced in a 40°C and 65% humidity environment until the rectal temperature reached 42°C.

Analysis of D-dimer cut-off values for overt DIC diagnosis in exertional heat illness.

The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) scoring system has been used for diagnosing overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). However, the cut-off points of fibrin-related markers remain unclear. The ability of the ISTH DIC score and Multiple Organ Dysfunction (MODS) score to predict mortality in cases of exertional heat illness (EHI) was tested.

Establishment and effectiveness evaluation of a scoring system for exertional heat stroke by retrospective analysis.

Background: Heat stroke (HS) is a serious, life-threatening disease. However, there is no scoring system for HS so far. This research is to establish a scoring system that can quantitatively assess the severity of exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Cooling therapy upregulates protein C activation in heat stressed rats: An experimental study.

Protein C (PC) pathway homeostasis is implicated in heat stress (HS). This study determines whether cooling could improve the PC pathway in HS. Fifty-six anesthetized rats were warmed to achieve HS (rectal temperature [Tr] 42°C).

Response of regulatory T cells to classic heat stroke in mice.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an important process associated with the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure resulting from heat stroke (HS). Alterations in the levels of circulating cytokines during the progression of SIRS have been well established. However, only a small number of studies have demonstrated the responses of lymphocytes during HS, and no studies have investigated immune-regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Normal saline for intravenous fluid therapy in critically ill patients.

The efficacy and safety of normal saline (NS) for fluid therapy in critically ill patients remain controversy. In this review, we summarized the evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared NS with other solutions in critically ill patients. The results showed that when compared with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), NS may reduce the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI).

RETRACTED: Bosentan attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice without affecting blood glucose.

At the request of the authors, 'Bosentan attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice without affecting blood glucose' Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, published ahead of print August 15, 2011 as doi: 10.1177/1470320311417274 has been retracted. This is due to mistakes in the published data at Figure 3.

A bibliometric analysis of exertional heat stroke research in Web of Science.

Background: Exertional heat stroke is a fatal condition and remains a health problem. This paper evaluates the publication trend regarding exertional heat stroke research between 1996 and 2015 using a bibliometric method.

Method: Articles regarding exertional heat stroke research published between 1996 and December 2015 were searched for in the SCI-EXPANDED database of Web of Science.

Clinical trials comparing norepinephrine with vasopressin in patients with septic shock: a meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of norepinephrine in patients with septic shock remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the mortality rates and benefits of norepinephrine and vasopressin.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from database inception to December 2013.

[Analysis of risk factors affecting prognosis of exertional heat stroke].

Objective: To determine prognostic risk factors of exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Methods: Sixty-nine patients who met the case definition of EHS at ten military hospitals from June 2002 to August 2012 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical data and prognosis was observed, including rhabdomyolysis (RM), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatosis, epilepsy, shock, arrhythmia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and consciousness disorder.

[Effectiveness of norepinephrine versus dopamine for septic shock: a meta analysis].

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of norepinephrine and dopamine on patients with septic shock.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about treatment of adults with septic shock with norepinephrine and dopamine were selected from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CBM and CNKI databases. Meta analysis concerning the effect of norepinephrine and dopamine on hemodynamics and metabolism of patients with septic shock was conducted by using Review Manager 5.

[Clinical study of prognostic value of interleukin-6 in severe acute pancreatitis].

Objective: To investigate the value of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level as a prognostic indicator in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

Methods: Data of 62 cases of SAP admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine from January 2006 to September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups: non-survivor group (n=15) and survivor group (n=47).

Acute removal of common sepsis mediators does not explain the effects of extracorporeal blood purification in experimental sepsis.

The effect of extracorporeal blood purification on clinical outcomes in sepsis is assumed to be related to modulation of plasma cytokine concentrations. To test this hypothesis directly, we treated rats that had a cecal ligation followed by puncture (a standard model of sepsis) with a modest dose of extracorporeal blood purification that did not result in acute changes in a panel of common cytokines associated with inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Pre- and immediate post-treatment levels of these cytokines were unchanged compared to the sham therapy of extracorporeal circulation without blood purifying sorbent.

[Experimental study of early blood purification in the treatment of post traumatic pulmonary fat embolism].

Objective: To study the effect of early continuous blood purification (CBP) in the treatment of post-traumatic pulmonary fat embolism in dog.

Methods: Twelve healthy male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups: group A received intramedullary reaming and bone cement injection of bilateral femurs (n=6), and group B received CBP simultaneously at the beginning of the same operation and continued until 120 minutes after the end of the operation (n=6). The changes in arterial blood gas and related cytokines were monitored at various time points.

[Acute renal failure due to abdominal compartment syndrome].

Objective: To observe the effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on renal function.

Methods: 30 intra-abdominal hypertension patients, 26 mals and 4 femals, age 42 +/- 17, were observed. Intra-abdominal pressure, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure and serum creatinine were recorded and tested at the same time every day.