Friends and foes: symbiotic and algicidal bacterial influence on blooms.

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of the toxigenic dinoflagellate (KB) are pivotal in structuring the ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), decimating coastal ecology, local economies, and human health. Bacterial communities associated with toxigenic phytoplankton species play an important role in influencing toxin production in the laboratory, supplying essential factors to phytoplankton and even killing blooming species. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of these mechanisms during HAB events is limited, especially for KB blooms.

Sex-dimorphic tumor growth is regulated by tumor microenvironmental and systemic signals.

Tumor growth and progression involve coordinated regulation by internal, microenvironmental, and systemic signals and often display conspicuous sexual dimorphism. The mechanisms governing the integration and coordination of these signals, along with their sex-based differences, remain largely unknown. Using a tumor model originating from nonreproductive tissue, we show that female-biased tumor growth involves multifaceted communications among tumor cells, hemocytes, and neuroendocrine insulin-producing cells (IPCs).

Synergistic effects of dual reactive compatibilizers for high-performance fully biodegradable polylactic acid/poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) composites.

The PLA-g-(GMA-co-St) graft copolymer (PGS) was prepared using melt-free radical grafting technology, PGS and ESO were simultaneously employed as compatibilizers for the poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) blends. The effects of the type and amount of compatibilizers on the properties of the blends were studied. The results reveal that the epoxy groups in PGS and ESO can interact with the terminal groups of PLA and PBAT.

Substituting partial chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizers maintains grain yield and increases nitrogen use efficiency in maize.

Introduction: Long-term application of excessive nitrogen (N) not only leads to low N use efficiency (NUE) but also exacerbates the risk of environmental pollution due to N losses. Substituting partial chemical N with organic fertilizer (SP) is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fertilization practice. However, the appropriate rate of SP in rainfed maize cropping systems in semi-arid regions of China is unknown.

Conducting Composite Polymer-Based Solid-State Electrolyte with High Ion Conductivity via Amorphous Condensed Structure and Multiple Li Transport Channels.

Traditional PEO electrolyte has high crystallinity which hinders the transmission of Li, resulting in poor ion conductivity and complicated processing technology. Herein, a polymer electrolyte (p-electrolyte) with a wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity is designed, which possesses an amorphous condensed structure. The amorphous structure provides fast transport channels for Li, so the p-electrolyte possesses an electrochemical window of 4.

N cleavage by silylene and formation of HSi(μ-N)SiH.

Fixation and functionalisation of N by main-group elements has remained scarce. Herein, we report a fixation and cleavage of the N ≡ N triple bond achieved in a dinitrogen (N) matrix by the reaction of hydrogen and laser-ablated silicon atoms. The four-membered heterocycle HSi(μ-N)SiH, the HSiNN(H) and HNSiNH complexes are characterized by infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations.

A Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution-Enabled Platform for Multicomponent Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes.

The construction of C()-C() bonds remains one of the most difficult challenges in cross-coupling chemistry. Here, we report a photoredox/nickel dual catalytic approach that enables the simultaneous formation of two C()-C() linkages via trimolecular cross-coupling of alkenes with alkyl halides and hypervalent iodine-based reagents. The reaction harnesses a bimolecular homolytic substitution (S2) mechanism and chemoselective halogen-atom transfer (XAT) to orchestrate the regioselective addition of electrophilic and nucleophilic alkyl radicals across unactivated alkenes without the need for a directing auxiliary.

Beryllium Dimer Reactions with Acetonitrile: Formation of Strong Be-Be Bonds.

Laser ablated Be atoms have been reacted with acetonitrile molecules in 4 K solid neon matrix. The diberyllium products BeBeNCCH and CNBeBeCH have been identified by D and C isotopic substitutions and quantum chemical calculations. The stabilization of the diberyllium species is rationalized from the formation of the real Be-Be single bonds with bond distances as 2.

Transcriptomic datasets of Verticillium wilt resistant and non-resistant Gossypium barbadense varieties during pathogen inoculation.

Cotton is a significant cash crop and the primary source of natural fiber globally. Among the numerous diseases encountered in cotton production, Verticillium wilt is one of the most serious, caused by the pathogen Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae).

Improving the properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends through cardanol-induced compatibility enhancement.

Cardanol (CD) is used as a reactive compatibilizer, and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin (70/30(w/w)) to obtain a series of PLA/PPC/CD blends. The systematic study was conducted on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blend, by varying amounts of CD added to the blends. A detailed explanation and comprehensive analysis of the reaction mechanism between CD and PLA/PPC have been made.

High-performance and functional fully bio-based polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends by in situ multistep reaction-induced interfacial control.

Using a solvent-free radical grafting technique, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were used as functionalized graft monomers, styrene (St) as a copolymer monomer, and grafted onto polylactic acid (PLA). A series of PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) graft copolymers were prepared by adjusting the GMA/MAH ratio. Subsequently, the prepared graft copolymers were used as a compatibilizer with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) for melt blending to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blends.

Ni-Catalyzed 1,2-Alkyl Borylation and Silylation of Allenes En Route to [1,3]-Bis-Organometallic Reagents.

A nickel-catalyzed multicomponent reaction that rapidly and reliably accesses [1,3]-bis-organometallic reagents from allenes is reported. The protocol exhibits a predictable regioselectivity pattern that enables the incorporation of B,B(Si) fragments across the allene backbone under mild conditions, thus offering a complementary platform for accessing polyorganometallic reagents possessing both sp and sp hybridization from readily available precursors.

gen. nov. sp. nov., a diatom symbiont isolated from the phycosphere of .

A diatom-associated bacterium, designated as strain F10, was isolated from a pure culture of the pennate diatom A3 and has since been used to characterize molecular mechanisms of symbiosis between phytoplankton and bacteria, including interactions using diatom-derived azelaic acid. Its origin from a hypersaline environment, combined with its capacity for quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and potential for dimethylsulfoniopropionate methylation/cleavage, suggest it is within the family . Initial phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed this isolate within the genus, but recent genomic and phylogenomic analyses show strain F10 is a separate lineage diverging from the genus .

Improvement of properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends using epoxy soybean oil as an efficient compatibilizer.

Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent.

The Effect of Functionalized SEBS on the Properties of PP/SEBS Blends.

Styrene (St) was used as comonomer and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as grafting monomer to prepare SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) graft copolymers via melt grafting. Then, the graft copolymers were employed as a compatibilizer for melt blending polypropylene (PP) and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers. The effects of the amount of GMA in the graft copolymers on thermal properties, rheology, crystallization, optical and mechanical properties, and microstructure of the blends were investigated.

Complex with Linear B-B-B Skeleton Trapped in Dinitrogen Matrix: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations.

The neutral (NN)-B-B-B-(N) complex has been trapped in low-temperature dinitrogen matrix and identified by isotopic substitution and theoretical frequency calculations. The linear B-B-B skeleton is stabilized by two inequivalent N, namely, one end-on and other side-on N. The structure of linear B-B-B skeleton illustrates much difference from previously reported triangle configuration of B clusters.

Vitamin D deficiency triggers intrinsic apoptosis by impairing SPP1-dependent antiapoptotic signaling in chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis.

Chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHOM) is a common bone disease characterized by the development of sequestra after bacterial infection. Emerging evidence has shown that vitamin D (VD) deficiency raises the risk of osteomyelitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we establish a CHOM model in VD diet-deficient mice by intravenous inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Cell polarity opposes Jak/STAT-mediated Escargot activation that drives intratumor heterogeneity in a Drosophila tumor model.

In proliferating neoplasms, microenvironment-derived selective pressures promote tumor heterogeneity by imparting diverse capacities for growth, differentiation, and invasion. However, what makes a tumor cell respond to signaling cues differently from a normal cell is not well understood. In the Drosophila ovarian follicle cells, apicobasal-polarity loss induces heterogeneous epithelial multilayering.

Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp )-C Bond Cleavage.

Herein, we report a Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible-light irradiation via σ C(sp )-C bond-functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope-even in the context of late-stage functionalization-thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp )-CF architectures from easily accessible precursors.

Lens Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Long-Term Chronic Inflammation After Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To report the potential effect of lens epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) following lens capsular reopening in three patients with long term chronic intraocular inflammation and mildly elevated intraocular pressure.

Methods: Observational study.

Results: Although the three patients had different histories of eye surgery and had experienced a long process of diagnosis and treatment, they had the following similarities: 1) They had undergone cataract surgery; 2) All of them had capsular bag opening or reopening and unexplained intraocular inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure for a long time, even up to more than one year; 3) The inflammation was eventually disappeared following complete clearance of the EMT derived material.

[Flap combined with induced membrane technique in treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis with soft tissue defect].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of flap combined with induced membrane technique in treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis with soft tissue defect.

Methods: A clinical data of 33 patients with post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis with soft tissue defect who met the selection criteria between August 2015 and October 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 21 males and 12 females.

[Treatment of Gustilo-Anderson B type injury of distal femur complicated with bone defect by membrane induction technique].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of membrane induction technique in the treatment of Gustilo-Anderson ⅢB type injury of distal femur complicated with bone defect.

Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients with Gustilo-Anderson ⅢB type injury of distal femur complicated with bone defects admitted between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 5 females, with an average age of 35 years (range, 19-70 years). Causes of injuries included 15 cases of traffic accidents and 5 cases of falling from height.