A Review on Heat Treatment of Cast Iron: Phase Evolution and Mechanical Characterization.

The isothermal heat treatment process has been identified as a unique process of fabricating exceptional graphite cast iron due to its remarkable mechanical properties, such as excellent machinability, toughness, and high level of ultimate tensile strength. Austempered ductile iron (ADI), ductile iron (DI), and gray cast iron (GCI), known as spheroidal cast irons, are viable alternative materials compared to traditional steel casting, as well as aluminum casting. The graphite nodules from the microstructures of DI, ADI, and GCI are consistently encompassed by acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite in the matrix, forming a distinctive ausferritic structure.

Insight into the Role of Nanoparticles Shape Factors and Diameter on the Dynamics of Rotating Water-Based Fluid.

This article addresses the dynamic of three-dimensional rotating flow of Maxwell nanofluid across a linearly stretched sheet subject to a water-based fluid containing copper nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are used due to their fascinating features, such as exceptional thermal conductivity, which is crucial in modern nanotechnology and electronics. The primary goal of this comprehensive study is to examine the nanoparticles size and shape factors effect on the base fluid temperature.

Bio-Convection Effects on Prandtl Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Motile Microorganism over a Stretching Sheet.

This study aims to determine the heat transfer properties of a magnetohydrodynamic Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over a stretched surface in the presence of bioconvection and chemical reaction effects. This article investigates the bio-convection, inclined magnetohydrodynamic, thermal linear radiations, and chemical reaction of hybrid nanofluid across stretching sheets. Also, the results are compared with the nanofluid flow.

Strain Rate Effect upon Mechanical Behaviour of Hydrogen-Charged Cycled NiTi Shape Memory Alloy.

The rate dependence of thermo-mechanical responses of superelastic NiTi with different imposed strain rates after cycling from 1 to 50 cycles under applied 10s, 10s and 10s strain rates, immersion for 3 h and ageing has been investigated. The loaded and unloaded as-received NiTi alloy under an imposed strain of 7.1% have shown an increase in the residual deformation at zero stress with an increase in strain rates.

Three-dimensional coupling between orthodontic bone remodeling and superelastic behavior of a NiTi wire applied for initial alignment.

Purpose: NiTi wires are considered as the most appropriate wires to be used during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. This work presents a numerical method to simulate the coupling between the orthodontic appliance and bone remodeling, which are the two mechanisms responsible for the orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: The superelastic behavior of a NiTi wire was integrated in a three-dimensional simulation model to reproduce the long-term bone remodeling coupled with tooth alignment using the finite element method.