k-Means clustering by using the calculated Z-scores from QEEG data of children with dyslexia.

Learning the subtype of dyslexia may help shorten the rehabilitation process and focus more on the relevant special education or diet for children with dyslexia. For this purpose, the resting-state eyes-open 2-min QEEG measurement data were collected from 112 children with dyslexia (84 male, 28 female) between 7 and 11 years old for 96 sessions per subject on average. The z-scores are calculated for each band power and each channel, and outliers are eliminated afterward.

A mobile app that uses neurofeedback and multi-sensory learning methods improves reading abilities in dyslexia: A pilot study.

Reading comprehension is difficult to improve for children with dyslexia because of the continuing demands of orthographic decoding in combination with limited working memory capacity. Children with dyslexia get special education that improves spelling, phonemic and vocabulary awareness, however the latest research indicated that special education does not improve reading comprehension. With the aim of improving reading comprehension, reading speed and all other reading abilities of children with dyslexia, Auto Train Brain that is a novel mobile app using neurofeedback and multi-sensory learning methods was developed.

Changes in EEG complexity with neurofeedback and multi-sensory learning in children with dyslexia: A multiscale entropy analysis.

Multiscale entropy analysis (MSE) is a novel entropy-based approach for measuring dynamical complexity in physiological systems over a range of temporal scales. MSE has been successfully applied in the literature when measuring autism traits, Alzheimer's, and schizophrenia. However, until now, there has been no research on MSE applied to children with dyslexia.

Serial EEG and MRI changes in status epilepticus-induced excitotoxic neuronal necrosis.

Prolonged status epilepticus may directly cause selective neuronal necrosis due to excitotoxic mechanisms, as observed in experimental models and described in case reports. A 36-year-old woman presented with right hemiplegia and aphasia following a generalised tonic-clonic status epilepticus of two hours duration. Accompanying serial MRI with advanced imaging techniques, EEG and histopathology of the cortical tissue of the patient were all compatible with excitotoxic neuronal necrosis.

Ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex is a prognostic factor in acute stroke.

Background: The location of the primary motor cortex can be detected in healthy adults using the findings of 'T2 hypointensity' and the 'double layer sign' on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging. The aim of this study was to assess whether ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex can be identified on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging within six-hours after stroke onset and to evaluate whether this finding could predict clinical outcome three-months after ischemic stroke.

Methods: Sixty-five patients who had paralysis and ischemia of the anterior circulation underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging within six-hours of symptom onset.

Tuberculous meningitis presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an enduring epileptic condition characterized by alteration in consciousness and continuous ictal discharges on the EEG. Various etiologies have been reported. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with altered mental status who was diagnosed with NCSE.

Factors that affect interictal cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy: role of hippocampal sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible factors affecting interictal cardiovascular autonomic function in temporal lobe epilepsy with complex partial seizures, paying special attention to hippocampal sclerosis. The study was carried out with 88 patients with epilepsy (22 with left hippocampal sclerosis, 22 with right hippocampal sclerosis, and 44 without hippocampal sclerosis) and 44 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent three tests of cardiac autonomic function: heart rate variation during resting activity, heart rate variation in response to deep breathing and blood pressure response to rising quickly from the supine position.

Influence of fatigue, depression, and demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables on quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

The purpose of this study was to define the influence of fatigue, depression, and clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. The study was performed on 103 adult patients who visited Erciyes University Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic between 2004 and 2005. Patients were evaluated with the Form of Negotiation, Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), Beck Depression Inventory, and Fatigue Severity Scale.

A comparison of the circadian rhythms and the levels of melatonin in patients with diurnal and nocturnal complex partial seizures.

The aim of the present work was to assess serum melatonin levels and melatonin circadian rhythm in patients with diurnal and nocturnal complex partial epilepsy. Daily rhythms of melatonin were studied in patients with diurnal complex partial epilepsy (n=10), patients with nocturnal complex partial epilepsy (n=10), and a control group (n=10). All patients were under carbamazepine treatment.

The relationship between fatigue and depression, and event-related potentials in epileptics.

The aim of the present study was to establish the rate of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue, depression, and P300 in people with epilepsy. We compared Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and event-related potentials (ERPs) of people with epilepsy (n=73) with those of controls (n=31). The rate of fatigue was found to be 42.

Effects of pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus on behavior, emotional memory and learning in immature rats.

Status epilepticus (SE) can be harmful to the developing brain. Our knowledge of the emotional and behavioral consequences of generalized SE in developing animals remains limited. Therefore, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced SE on emotional memory and learning and behavioral parameters in immature rats.

The effects of pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus on behavior, emotional memory, and learning in rats.

Status epilepticus (SE) can cause spatial learning, memory, and behavioral deficits; however, little information is available, especially regarding the effects of such seizures on emotional memory and learning functions. We investigated the effects of SE on emotional memory, learning, and behavior in mature rats over short and long periods. SE was induced in 50- to 60-day-old rats (P50-P60) using intraperitoneal injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, n = 20); control rats received saline (n = 10).

Investigation of probable relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and cryptogenic epilepsy.

Purpose: Cryptogenic epilepsy, defines a group of epilepsy syndromes for which an aetiology is unknown but an underlying brain disease is suspected. We selected patients in this subgroup of epilepsy and investigated the sero-positivity rate for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We investigated the probable relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and cryptogenic epilepsy.