Prevalence of ABO, Rh, and Kell Antigens Among Blood Donors in Al-Qurayyat Region.

Background: The ABO, Rh, and Kell blood groups are the most immunogenic and clinically important blood antigens. These antigens can trigger strong immune responses after blood transfusions, leading to alloimmunization and post-hemolytic transfusion reactions. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of ABO, Rh, and Kell blood group antigens at the Al-Qurayyat Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank Center, Al-Qurayyat region, Saudi Arabia.

Frequency of Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, and Rh Blood Group Antigens and Phenotypes Among Donors in the Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: In Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, the high consanguinity rates contribute to the prevalence of inherited hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, which frequently require blood transfusions. These transfusions carry the risk of alloimmunization, necessitating a precise blood component matching to mitigate health risks. Local antigen frequency data is vital for optimizing transfusion practices and enhancing the safety of these medical procedures for the Al-Ahsa population.

Prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events among Saudi patients with systemic lupus erythematosus compared with the general population: updates from the national SLE and PURE cohorts.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among Saudi patients with SLE and the general population and considered factors associated with such outcomes were taken into consideration.

Methods: This is a cohort study evaluating the period prevalence of MACE from 2020 to 2023. The study used two datasets, namely the Saudi national prospective cohort for SLE patients and the Prospective Urban-Rural Epidemiology Study Saudi subcohort (PURE-Saudi) for the general population.

Surveying Hematologists' Perceptions and Readiness to Embrace Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Treatment Decision-Making.

Aim: This study aims to explore the critical dimension of assessing the perceptions and readiness of hematologists to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in their diagnostic and treatment decision-making processes.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design for collecting data related to the perceptions and readiness of hematologists using a validated online questionnaire-based survey. Both hematologists (MD) and postgraduate MD students in hematology were included in the study.

Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Blood Transfusion-Dependent Sickle Cell Disease and -Thalassemia Patients in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The risk of developing transfusion-related complications, especially alloimmunization, is an ongoing concern for transfusion-dependent patients. It is important to determine the rate of alloimmunization and autoimmunization in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia, where sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia incidence rates are the highest in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to review the transfusion history of patients with SCD and thalassemia at the King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells.

Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites.

Structural, Optical, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis Using Leaves Extract.

Currently, new advancements in the area of nanotechnology opened up new prospects in the field of medicine that could provide us with a solution for numerous medical complications. Although a several varieties of nanoparticles is being explored to be used as nanomedicines, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) are the most attractive due to their biocompatibility and their switchable oxidation state (+3 and +4) or in other words the ability to act as prooxidant and antioxidant depending on the pH condition. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is preferred to make it more economical, eco-friendly, and less toxic.

IL-10 rs1800896 Polymorphism: A Risk Factor for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Purpose: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene can increase susceptibility to tumor development. The current study aimed to explore the genotypic frequency of interleukin-10 (IL-10) rs1800896 polymorphism in newly diagnosed adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and validate whether this SNP is a risk factor for adult ALL.

Patients And Methods: This case-control study was based on a subset of newly diagnosed 154 adult patients with ALL recruited from the Radiation and Isotope Center in Khartoum (RICK) and 154 healthy controls from the same geographical area.

Association of TNF-α rs1800629 with Adult Acute B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

TNF−α influences lymphomagenesis by upregulating proinflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of TNF−α rs1800629 (−308 G>A) polymorphism in newly diagnosed adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its correlation with age at diagnosis, gender and subtype of ALL. In this case control study, a total of 330 individuals were recruited, including 165 newly diagnosed adult patients with ALL, from the Radiation and Isotope Center in Khartoum (RICK) and 165 healthy normal controls.

Increased Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adult Patients with GSTM1 Null Genetic Polymorphism.

Purpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) detoxify various endogenous and exogenous compounds and provide cytoprotective role against reactive species. This study aimed to assess the frequency of , and polymorphisms in newly diagnosed Sudanese adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with age, gender and type of ALL.

Patients And Methods: This case-control study included 128 adult Sudanese, untreated newly diagnosed patients with ALL, aged 18 to 74 years and 128 age-gender matched healthy controls.

Assessment of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis associated with natural anticoagulants and fibrinolytic regulatory proteins.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a critical condition and a potential cause of mortality and morbidity in Africa and worldwide with a high recurrence rate. The study was designed to assess the roles of natural anticoagulants and fibrinolytic regulatory factors in the development of DVT in Sudanese patients. A case-control study was conducted in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Khartoum State over a period of 1 year.

Clinical Profile and Comorbidities Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Sudair, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating condition that has a significant effect on the lives of patients, their families, and society at large.

Aims: The aim is to determine the clinical profile and any comorbidities associated with RA patients in the Sudair region of Saudi Arabia.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study, both newly or already diagnosed with RA, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for RA.

Combined GSTT1 Null, GSTM1 Null and XPD Lys/Lys Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Association with Increased Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Purpose: Glutathione -transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are instrumental in detoxification process of activated carcinogens. Nucleotide excision repair is carried out by DNA helicase encoded by xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) genes and aberrations in the gene predisposes to increased risk of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate GSTT1, GSTM1 and XPD polymorphisms in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and to examine the association of these polymorphisms with the risk of developing CML.

Age- and Gender-Independent Association of Arg399Gln Polymorphism with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Purpose: DNA damage to hematopoietic progenitor cells is an essential factor for leukemia development as a failure of the host DNA repair system to fix errors in DNA. This study aimed to assess the association of gene polymorphisms including Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln, and Arg280His with the risk of development of CML in Sudanese population.

Patients And Methods: The present study was conducted on 186 newly diagnosed patients with CML, aged 19-70 years (118 males and 68 females; mean age of 46.

Mice Lacking PECAM-1 and Ceacam1 Have Enhanced Platelet Secretion and Thrombus Growth: Novel Link with PAR4.

The Ig-ITIM bearing receptors, PECAM-1 and CEACAM1, have been shown net negative regulators of platelet-collagen interactions and hemiITAM signaling pathways. In this study, a double knockout (DKO) mouse was developed with deleted PECAM-1 and CEACAM1 to study their combined contribution in platelet activation by glycoprotein VI, C-type lectin-like receptor 2, protease activated receptor (PAR4), ADP purinergic receptors, and thromboxane receptor (TP) A2 pathways. In addition, their collective contribution was examined in thrombus formation under high shear and microvascular thrombosis using in vivo models.

Ibrutinib, but not zanubrutinib, induces platelet receptor shedding of GPIb-IX-V complex and integrin αIIbβ3 in mice and humans.

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor ibrutinib has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and related diseases. However, a major adverse side effect of ibrutinib is bleeding, including major hemorrhages. The bleeding associated with ibrutinib use is thought to be due to a combination of on-target irreversible Btk inhibition, as well as off-target inhibition of other kinases, including EGFR, ITK, JAK3, and Tec kinase.

New generation drugs for treatment of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, is characterised by lesions in multiple bones involving transformed, matured post-follicular B cells. The course of the disease involves an initial development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), followed by smouldering MM, before the full MM disease emerges. Despite novel therapies, MM remains incurable, managed by combination therapies, including proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulators (IMiDs) and anti-human CD38 (daratumumab).