Implementation and impact of NHS-funded tobacco dependence services in England: a mixed-method evaluation protocol.

Introduction: Tobacco smoking remains a leading cause of ill-health, premature mortality and a driver of health inequalities. To support smokers in England, a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco dependence is being implemented. This includes offering support to all people admitted to hospitals, as well as women and pregnant people within NHS settings.

Development and validation of a sepsis risk index supporting early identification of ICU-acquired sepsis: an observational study.

Background: Sepsis is a threat to global health, and domestically is the major cause of in-hospital mortality. Due to increases in inpatient morbidity and mortality resulting from sepsis, healthcare providers (HCPs) would accrue significant benefits from identifying the syndrome early and treating it promptly and effectively. Prompt and effective detection, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis requires frequent monitoring and assessment of patient vital signs and other relevant data present in the electronic health record.

Use of open fires or closed solid fuel appliances for residential heating and cognitive decline in older adults.

Objectives: Use of solid fuel appliances is a major contributor to air pollution. Indoor solid fuel burning for cooking and heating in lower-middle income countries is associated with lower cognitive function and faster decline. Less is known, however, about the potential risk to brain health from burning solid fuels in open fires and closed appliances for heating purposes only, particularly in higher income countries.

Management of patients with adrenal myelolipoma: experience from a tertiary referral centre.

Background: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign, tumours of the adrenal cortex.

Aims: This study reports the experience of a tertiary adrenal surgery referral centre's approach to the management of patients with adrenal myelolipoma.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on all adult patients (> 18 years age) diagnosed with adrenal myelolipoma from January 1, 2014, to December 30, 2022.

Attachment networks in young adults.

Introduction: This study investigated attachment networks in a sample of Italian young adults. Attachment networks were defined in terms of attachment functions, attachment strength, the presence of a primary figure, and full-blown attachments.

Method: Participants were 405 young adults, and we studied the effects of the demographic variables of gender, romantic status (whether single, involved in a romantic relationship for less or more than 24 months) and employment (whether university students or workers) on the structure of attachment networks.

Mind versus body: Perceived stress and biological stress are independently related to cognitive decline.

Chronic stress may increase risk of age-related cognitive decline. 'Stress', however, is a multidimensional construct and few studies have investigated the inter-relationship of subjective stress and biological stress with cognitive decline. In this study, we examine the relationship between perceived stress and two measures of biological stress - allostatic load, indexing stress at the physiological level and leukocyte telomere length, indexing stress at the cellular level - with cognitive decline over a 12-year period in adults aged 50 and older.

Assessing cognitive function in longitudinal studies of ageing worldwide: some practical considerations.

Over 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. With 40% of modifiable risk factors estimated to contribute to dementia, the potential for prevention is high, and preventive measures, at an early stage of cognitive decline, are likely to positively influence future dementia trends. Countries need reliable health data and adequate measurement tools to quantify, monitor and track early changes in cognitive capacity in the general population.

Evaluation of warning strategies to reduce faking during military recruitment.

The applicant faking literature suggests that faking warnings - brief messages that dissuade applicants from faking - can reduce faking on personality tests by up to 50%. However, the efficacy of warnings may be limited by their atheoretical construction. Further, these threatening messages can cause applicants to feel negatively about the personality test, potentially reducing their validity during the selection process.

Older adults' support seeking from their adult children: The Support-Seeking Strategy Scale.

Due to the unavailability of assessment tools focused on support recipients, the aged-care literature has not been able to document the support seeking that occurs within familial support contexts. Therefore, we developed and validated a Support-Seeking Strategy Scale in a large sample of aging parents receiving care from their adult children. A pool of items was developed by an expert panel and administered to 389 older adults (over 60 years of age), all of whom were receiving support from an adult child.

On the Disposition to Think Analytically: Four Distinct Intuitive-Analytic Thinking Styles.

Many measures have been developed to index intuitive versus analytic thinking. Yet it remains an open question whether people primarily vary along a single dimension or if there are genuinely different types of thinking styles. We distinguish between four distinct types of thinking styles: Actively Open-minded Thinking, Close-Minded Thinking, Preference for Intuitive Thinking, and Preference for Effortful Thinking.

Exposure to the troubles in Northern Ireland, memory functioning, and social activity engagement: results from NICOLA.

Unlabelled: We investigated the potential impact of a cohort traumatic exposure, the Troubles in Northern Ireland, on memory functioning in later life, and the potential moderating effect of social activity engagement. Using data from 6571 participants aged 60 + in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) cohort, we used a structural equation modelling framework to explore associations between traumatic exposure during the Troubles and memory functioning. As expected, social activity engagement was positively associated with memory functioning,  = .

Reducing risks for infant mortality in the Midlands, UK: a qualitative study identifying areas for improvement in the delivery of key public health messages in the perinatal period.

Background: The Midlands has amongst the highest rates of neonatal and infant mortality in the UK. A public health parent education and empowerment programme, aimed at reducing key risks associated with this mortality was established and evaluated in the region. This was undertaken in an attempt to identify areas for optimal delivery of the public health messages around reducing risks for neonatal and infant mortality.

Optimal timing of SPECT/CT to demonstrate parathyroid adenomas in 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy.

Background: Accurate preoperative localisation of the parathyroid adenoma is essential to achieve a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The purpose of this study was to validate and improve our single-isotope dual-phase parathyroid imaging protocol utilising 99mTechnetium-Sestamibi ([99mTc]MIBI). There has been no accepted gold standard evidence-based protocol regarding timing of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) acquisition in parathyroid imaging with resultant variation between centres.

Hair cortisol as a risk marker for increased depressive symptoms among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unlabelled: Determining pre-existing biological risk markers of incident depression and other mental health sequelae after exposure to a new stressor would help identify vulnerable individuals and mechanistic pathways. This study investigated primarily whether hair cortisol predicted elevated depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, 6 years later. A secondary aim was to deduce whether any association differed by sex.

Do Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment predict high-cost health care users? A competing risks analysis in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Objectives: Policymakers want to better identify in advance the 10% of people who account for approximately 75% of health care costs. We evaluated how well Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) predicted high costs in Ireland.

Methods/design: We used five waves from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a biennial population-representative survey of people aged 50+ (2010-2018).

Resilience in the Ranks: Trait Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Buffer the Deleterious Effects of Envy on Mental Health Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel.

Public safety personnel (PSP) face frequent stressors that increase their risk of developing symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition to being exposed to potentially traumatic events, PSP trainees may face a compounded risk of developing mental health symptoms, as their training environments are conducive to social comparisons and the resultant painful emotion of envy. Envy is associated with numerous negative health and occupational outcomes.

One year on: What we have learned about the psychological effects of COVID-19 social restrictions: A meta-analysis.

This article reports on the first meta-analysis of studies on the association between government-imposed social restrictions and mental health outcomes published during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-three studies (N = 131,844) were included. Social restrictions were significantly associated with increased mental health symptoms overall (d = .

Imaging features of atypical adrenocortical adenomas: a radiological-pathological correlation.

Objective: Adrenal adenomas are frequently picked up incidentally on cross-sectional imaging and are known to have a classic imaging appearance on CT and MRI. However, not all adrenal adenomas have this typical radiologic appearance. Our aim is to present the radiological features of atypical adrenocortical adenomas with pathological correlation.

Antitumor immune effects of preoperative sitravatinib and nivolumab in oral cavity cancer: SNOW window-of-opportunity study.

Background: Sitravatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets TYRO3, AXL, MERTK and the VEGF receptor family, is predicted to increase the M1 to M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages ratio in the tumor microenvironment and have synergistic antitumor activity in combination with anti-programmed death-1/ligand-1 agents. SNOW is a window-of-opportunity study designed to evaluate the immune and molecular effects of preoperative sitravatinib and nivolumab in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with newly-diagnosed untreated T2-4a, N0-2 or T1 >1 cm-N2 oral cavity carcinomas were eligible.

Sleep duration, sleep problems, and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Study Objectives: This study examines the cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults.

Methods: Four hundred seventeen adults (aged 68.8 ± 7.