Redistribution of TNF Receptor 1 and 2 Expression on Immune Cells in Patients with Bronchial Asthma.

Background: The co-expression patterns of type 1 and 2 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α membrane receptors (TNFR1/TNFR2) are associated with the presence, stage, and activity of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the expression levels and dynamics of TNFRs on immune cells and to assess associations between their expression and severity of bronchial asthma (BA).

Methods: Patients with severe (n = 8), moderate (n = 10), and mild (n = 4) BA were enrolled.

Autoantibodies to Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in immune responses to the causative agent of tuberculosis, . Additionally, TNF can also mediate many negative disease manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of anti-TNF autoantibodies to the pathogenesis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Ligand-Regulated Expression of TNF Receptors 1 and 2 Determines Receptor-Mediated Functional Responses.

Introduction: Modulating specific biological effects through the changes in cytokine receptors' expression level remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dose-dependent effect of TNF on the balance between proapoptotic and proliferation response depending on the parameters of TNFR1/2 expression density.

Methods: Tumor cell lines (HEp-2, K-562, MCF-7, ZR-75/1, MOLT-4, IM-9, and Raji) were characterized for TNFR1/2 co-expression using flow cytometry and were studied to reveal the dose-dependent effect of rhTNF on cell cycle and apoptosis parameters.

Production of pure fractions of immunoglobulin G subclass autoantibodies against tumor necrosis factor.

Autoantibodies directed against cytokines are important effector molecules regulating the biological activity of cytokines. There is experimental evidence indicating that autoantibodies belonging to different immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses may have different functional activity. The purpose of this work was to develop a protocol for the purification of fractions of IgG subclass antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor (TNF).