[Clinical observation of the course of eosinophilic otitis media against the background of biological therapy of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis].

Eosinophilic otitis media (EoOM) is a variant of exudative otitis media characterized by a persistent persistent course, the presence of a very viscous effusion in the tympanic cavity, comorbidally associated with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma. The disease is characterized by a persistent progressive course, which can lead to a gradual decrease in hearing up to complete deafness. Conservative treatment methods for EoOM include local and systemic administration of glucocorticosteroids.

[Arterial hypertension and cognitive impairment. Neurologist's view].

The article presents a review of the literature on the relationship of cognitive impairment (CI) with arterial hypertension (AH). The pathogenetic mechanisms AH are characterized by the development of cerebral microangiopathy. Antihypertensive therapy (AHT) should take into account violations of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease and critical stenoses of large cerebral arteries, especially in fragile patients older than 80 years.

[Pharmacotherapy approaches to vascular mild cognitive impairment in patients of different age groups].

The article discusses the possibilities of pharmacotherapy of moderate vascular cognitive impairment in different age groups. The results of a double-blind randomized clinical trial «MEMO» using the antioxidant and antihypoxic drug Mexidol are presented. On the basis of cognitive scales, when using a sequential course of parenteral and oral administration of mexidol, its reliable effectiveness was shown in each of the three analyzed groups: 40-60 years old, 61-75 years old and 76-90 years old.

[The glymphatic system in the brain - neurobiology and clinical pathology].

Given new information about the neurobiology of the processes of removal of waste products of the brain, consisting of the lymphatic vessels into the dura and the glial-lymphatic (glymphatic) system. The role of astrocytes and water-conducting channels located on them in cell membranes formed by the protein aquaporin-4 is emphasized. The connection between the functioning of the glymphatic system and the slow phase of sleep is discussed.

[Efficacy of Mexidol in patients with chronic brain ischemia and cognitive impairment of different age groups (results of sub-analysis of the international multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sequential therapy in patients with chronic brain ischemia MEMO)].

Objective: To assess the efficacy of sequential therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol FORTE 250 in comparison with placebo in patients of different age groups with chronic brain ischemia.

Material And Methods: The study is sub-analysis of data of the international multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sequential therapy in patients with chronic brain ischemia (MEMO), which included 318 patients (25% men) in the age of 40-90 (median 60) years. All subjects were subdivided into 3 age subgroups: 40-60 years (=163), 61-75 years (=141) and 76-90 years (=13).

[Neurological disorders in the postcovid period].

The consequences of COVID-19 include a wide range of neurological, emotional and cognitive impairments. The pathogenesis of postcovid disorders is complex and has not been fully studied. The article discusses the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of neuropostocoid.

[Multimodal therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease].

The review presents the scientific substantiation of the relationship between age-related cerebrovascular changes and dysregulation of cerebral perfusion, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and neurovascular units. The ischemic cascade in cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is considered, the main links of which are glutamate excitoxicosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Endothelial dysfunction and increased BBB permeability play an important role in the development of neuroinflammation.

[Results of an international multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol FORTE 250 in patients with chronic brain ischemia (MEMO)].

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, 50 mg/ml and Mexidol FORTE 250 film-coated tablets, 250 mg in patients with chronic brain ischemia (CBI).

Material And Methods: An international multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted in 15 clinical centers located in Russian Federation and Republic of Uzbekistan, included 318 patients with CBI aged 40 to 90 years. The patients were randomized into 2 groups, the patients of the 1-st group received Mexidol intravenously 500 mg once daily for 14 days, followed by Mexidol FORTE 250 - 250 mg 3 times a day orally for 60 days; patients of the 2-nd group received a placebo in a similar mode.

Evaluation of neutrophil functional activity for rhinosinusitis diagnosis.

Bacterial rhinosinusitis (BRS) is a complicated form of rhinosinusitis, characterized by its acute course and tendency to chronicity. A significant role in pathogenetic mechanisms of HRS is played by functional state of neutrophils responsible for inflammation development at HRS. Investigation of neutrophils metabolic activity on external stimuli by chemiluminescence method in patients with acute and chronic forms of the disease will enable to develop method of differential diagnostics of BRS forms.

[Oxidative stress in focal symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy in young patients].

Objective: To study oxidative stress in young patients with focal symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy and after the new-onset epileptic seizures.

Material And Methods: Patients, aged from 19 to 44 years, were distributed into three groups, 30 patients in each: patients after a few (first) epileptic seizures, patients in the clinical remission that has lasted at least one year, and patients with treatment-resistant epileptic seizures. The control group included 20 healthy people.

[Review of clinical guidelines for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke].

One of the leading causes of death, disability and severe maladaptation of patients is ischemic stroke, which accounts for about 80% of all types of acute cerebrovascular accidents. At the same time, approximately / of the patients show residual effects of cerebral circulation disorders of varying severity. Currently, the problem of ischemic stroke attracts great attention and international and domestic recommendations developed for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients are one of the aspects of work in this area.

[Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the neuroprotective medicines in the treatment of ischemic stroke].

Aim: To perform a pharmacoeconomic analysis of the most frequently prescribed neuroprotective medicines for treating patients with mild ischemic stroke in the acute and early rehabilitation periods in the Russian Federation.

Material And Methods: Three medical technologies were compared: ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (mexidol), inosine + nicotinamide + riboflavin + succinic acid (cytoflavin) and a deproteinized hemoderivate of the blood of calves (actovegin). Cost minimization analysis, budget impact analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed based on the indirect comparison results.

[Oxidative stress in epilepsy].

This article contains an analysis of clinical and experimental studies in which oxidative stress is considered as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of brain damage after epileptic seizures and may later cause epileptogenesis. Patients with epilepsy showed a high level of lipid peroxidation markers, while the activity of antioxidant defense system was low.

[Dose-dependent effects of cortexin in chronic cerebral ischemia (results of a multicenter randomized controlled study)].

Aim: To study an effect of cortexin on neurological symptoms and oxidative stress as part of the ischemic cascade in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), I-II stages.

Material And Methods: The multicenter randomized controlled study included 189 patients with CCI, 42 (22.2%) men and 147 (77.

[The efficacy of cortexin and memantinol (memantine) in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].

Aim: To study the dynamics of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) treated with cortexin and memantinol (memantine).

Material And Methods: The authors present the results of the multicenter observational program 'KORMEN' that studied the efficacy of cortexin and memantinol in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with CCI. The study included 495 patients, 204 (41.

[Modern approaches to neuroprotective treatment of ischemic stroke].

The authors present the results of domestic clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of mexidol in patients with cerebrovascular disorders including ischemic stroke (IS). The use of mexidol is associated with complete and rapid regression of the focal neurological deficit. Mexidol is well tolerated with no significant side-effects.

Role of mast cells in bronchial contraction in nonallergic obstructive lung pathology.

The role of mast cells in contractile bronchial smooth muscle activity has been evaluated in a model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced in rats that were intermittently exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO) for 60 days. Starting from the 31st day, one group of rats inhaled sodium cromoglycate before exposure to NO to stabilize mast cell membranes. The second group (control) was not treated.

[ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN BRONCHIAL CONTRACTION IN NONALLERGIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG PATHOLOGY].

In model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced in rats by 60-day intermittent exposure to nitrogen dioxide mast cells participation in the mechanism of bronchial smooth muscle contractile activity patterns was evaluated. Since the 31st day, one group of rats was inhaled with sodium cromoglycate every day before the nitrogen dioxide exposure to stabilize the mast cell membrane. The other group (control) hasn’t been treated.

[Liposomal form of lipoic acid: preparation and determination of antiplatelet and antioxidant activity].

Optimal conditions for obtaining phosphatidylholine (PC) liposomes with lipoic acid (LA) are chosen that lead to the formation of nanoparticles with a size of 175¸284 nm with efficiency (extent) of inclusion of LA in liposomes equal 85% and characterized by a slow release of substance from the nanoparticles. The effect of "empty" liposomes and liposomal form of LA on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) is established. It is found that liposomes with LА inhibit platelet aggregation, caused by AА, to 80%.

[The use of L-lysine aescinat in the treatment of microcirculatory disturbances in patients young and middle age with violation of the intracranial venous outflow].

Aim: To study the efficacy of L-lysine aescinat in the treatment of vascular and microvascular disorders in patients with cerebral venous dystonia.

Material And Methods: Sixty-eight patients, 25 male and 43 female, aged from 25 to 56 years, with disturbances of venous cerebral blood circulation and venous outflow difficulties were examined. The examination included the assessment of cerebral hemodynamics using the algorithm of complex ultrasound examinations and functional status of the microcirculation by the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at baseline and 10 days after treatment with L-lysine aescinat.

[HYPOTHERMIA INFLUENCES ON OXYGEN TENSION IN THE BRAIN PARENCHYMA IN PATIENTS WITH ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE].

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious medical and social problem. The main physiological mechanisms that determine secondary brain damage in this patients are intracranial hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, dysfunction of autoregulation mechanisms, violation of liquorodynamics and delayed cerebral ischemia. The multimodal neuromonitoring for prevention and timely correction ofsecondary brain injury factors has become routine practice in neuroICU.

[THE INFLUENCE OF HISTAMINE ON THE EFFECTOR NEURONS OF INTRAMURAL GANGLIA OF THE TRACHEA AND BRONCHI].

We considered the influence of the neurons of intramural ganglia in the reaction of the smooth muscle trachea and bronchi caused by electric field stimulation, by the action of histamine. We studied the effect of neurons of intramural ganglia in the activity of the smooth muscle trachea and bronchi in the action of low doses of histamine (0,1 and 10 μg/ml), L-NAME and hexamethonium. It was shown the blockade of neuronal transmission decreased the contraction of the smooth muscles trachea and bronchi by stimulation of the afferent nerve structures.

[The efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning in carotid endarterectomy].

Objective: To assess the efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in carotid endarterectomy.

Material And Methods: The study was based on the results of surgical treatment of 80 patients with hemodynamically significant uni- and bilateral lesions of carotid arteries. Half of the patients was operated immediately and others after pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in dose of 1200 mg/daily during 1,5 months.

[The effect of cholesterol on the electrokinetic properties of erythrocyte membranes in chronic cerebral ischemia].

Aim: To determine the effects of total plasma cholesterol on the electrokinetic properties of erythrocyte membranes of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).

Material And Methods: Authors studied the erythrocytes from venous blood of 95 patients with CCI and 54 healthy people (controls). To perform an electrophoretic cell analysis of erythrocytes, we used the shorthand method of computer microelectrophoresis.