Impact of Surface Charge Depletion on the Free Electron Nonlinear Response of Heavily Doped Semiconductors.

We propose surface modulation of the equilibrium charge density as a technique to control and enhance, via an external static potential, the free electron nonlinear response of heavily doped semiconductors. Within a hydrodynamic perturbative approach, we predict a 2 order of magnitude boost of free electron third-harmonic generation.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: What Healthcare Professionals and Parents Know About How to Prevent it in Portugal.

: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the death of an infant of less than 1 year, that is unexpected and unexplained after an extensive investigation. Risk factors related to SIDS have been identified, and most of them concern the infant's sleep position and environment. : Our objective was to conduct a survey with parents and healthcare professionals at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), in order to assess their knowledge of SIDS and its risk factors.

Maternity blues: a risk factor for anhedonia, anxiety, and depression components of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Women undergo adaptive physical and psychological changes during pregnancy, which make them vulnerable to psychological disorders. This study used a prospective observational design and included concurrent validation analysis of the 16-item Maternity Blues Scale (MBS) Dutch version to determine the direction and magnitude on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) symptoms, including three factors, anhedonia, anxiety, and depression in 320 puerperae early after childbirth. We found a statistically significant correlation between MBS and EPDS global scores (0.

Umbilical cord blood acid-base analysis and the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in near-term and term newborns: a cohort study.

Background: The recognition, follow-up, and early treatment of neonatal jaundice has become more difficult, since the earlier discharge of newborns from hospitals has become common practice. Since intrapartum hypoxic stress has been pointed as predisposing factor for the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia risk, we tested the association with the cord blood acid-base index tests.

Methods: A cohort of healthy term and near-term newborns underwent umbilical cord hemogasanalysis at birth and capillary heel total serum bilirubin (TSB) pre-discharge, scheduled at 36 h of life, to define the risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia, defined as >9 mg/dL TSB level, ≥ 75th percentile on nomogram of Bhutani et al.

A temperature gradient may support mother-infant thermal identification and communication in the breast crawl from birth to breastfeeding.

Aim: The human female's nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is the point of arrival of a natural progression from birth to breastfeeding, linked to functional, chemical and biophysical cues that promote the breast crawl soon after birth. We investigated the thermal gradient generated by the lips of the neonate and warmth of the NAC, which may drive the infant directly to the nipple.

Methods: We prospectively studied 41 full-term singleton infants and their mothers at the Policlinico Abano Terme, Italy, between January 1, 2015, and February 28, 2015.

Cohort study of the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia components of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale after delivery.

Objective: To investigate the applicability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for identifying depressive symptoms following vaginal or cesarean delivery.

Methods: The present observational study included consecutive Italian-speaking women who underwent vaginal or cesarean deliveries of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term at Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy, between February 1, 2014, and May 31, 2015, who completed the EPDS 2 days after delivery. EPDS scores and the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscale items were compared between delivery methods to identify factors predictive of high EPDS scores.

Paediatricians' Practice About SUDDEN Infant Death Syndrome in Catalonia, Spain.

Background SIDS is the major cause of death among healthy born infants in developed countries. Its causes are still unclear, but its risk can be reduced by implementing some simple active interventions. In Spain, limited attention was given to SIDS by the national healthcare system, and actual data on healthcare professionals' practice on this topic was not available.

Effectiveness of the 'Back-to-Sleep' campaigns among healthcare professionals in the past 20 years: a systematic review.

Objectives: From the late 1980s 'Back-to-Sleep' (BTS) campaigns were run in most developed countries to increase awareness of the supine position's protective effect against sleep-related infant deaths. Once the media awareness-raising action associated with these campaigns ended, healthcare professionals' role became crucial. The goal of this paper is to determine if healthcare professionals' knowledge and parent advice consistent with evidence-based infant sleep recommendations have changed over the past 20 years.

Lactate in cord blood and its relation to fetal gluconeogenesis in at term deliveries.

Background: In the human fetus, an increased lactate and glucose level can be anticipated when hypoxia and stress are present and is likely to be a function of both anaerobic metabolism and catecholamine-mediated glycogenolysis/glycolysis.

Aim: We assessed if measurement of lactate in cord artery blood after vaginal and cesarean delivery may predict glucose concentration.

Study Design: Umbilical artery cord blood lactacidemia, acidemia, and glucose concentration was tested by 'mini-lab' Radiometer ABL90 FLEX analyzers (Radiometer®, Copenhagen, Denmark) after vaginal delivery (VD), spontaneous (n=493) and by vacuum extractor (n=41) or by cesarean delivery (CD), elective (n=120) and emergency (n=68) in at term, vigorous neonates delivered from March to December 2012 at the 2nd level maternity ward of Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme (Italy).

Albuminuria and sodiuria in IUGR children.

Objective: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with hyperfiltration, glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria. Albuminuria may further lead to tubulointerstitial inflammation, fibrosis and tubular atrophy. The time at which this may occur is unknown.

'Two-step' head-to-body delivery activates foetal gluconeogenesis.

Aim: The 'two-step' head-to-body delivery method, which involves waiting for the next contraction to deliver the shoulders, causes a decrease in umbilical artery pH. The aim of this study was to assess whether foetal acidemia activates gluconeogenesis.

Methods: We tested umbilical artery cord blood glucose concentration and pH after 341 spontaneous and 25 vacuum extractor 'two-step' vaginal deliveries (VD) and after 85 elective and 49 emergency caesarean sections (CS).

What happened to body-to-body sociability?

This article aims to investigate how the body-to-body forms of sociability evolved from 1996 to 2009 simultaneously with the proliferation of ICTs in Europe and why this happened. The article also aims to find out how the socio-demographic profile of Europeans practising these forms developed in the same period of time. The analysis is based on two surveys carried out in Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain in 1996 (N=6609) and 2009 (N=7255).

Head-to-body delivery by "two-step" approach: effect on cord blood hematocrit.

Background: There is no study to support a relationship between placental transfusion and active management techniques of the second stage of labor.

Objective: To examine the association between head-to-body delivery by a "two-step" approach (which includes waiting for the next contraction to deliver the shoulders) and its effect on the amount of blood that remains in the infant's circulation at birth.

Study Design: Observational study on 500 consecutive, singleton, and at term deliveries from January to June 2012 in Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.