Anterior Nasal Superior Oblique Tendon Syndrome: A Case Series.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of patients with an anteriorly and nasally inserted superior oblique tendon.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Institutional clinical records between 2020 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed for 9 consecutive patients in whom the superior oblique (SO) tendon was inserted anterior to the equator and nasal to the superior rectus muscle.

Evaluation of 3D tablet-based stereoacuity test ASTEROID in children with normal and abnormal visual acuity.

Purpose: To assess the utility of 3D, tablet-based, glasses-free Accurate STEReotest (ASTEROID) in children compared with the Titmus test.

Methods: Children aged 5-13 years were enrolled in a single-center, nonrandomized, observational comparison study and analyzed by age (5-7 vs 8-13 years) and visual acuity (20/25 or better in both eyes vs abnormal). Each participant underwent both the ASTEROID and Titmus stereoacuity tests.

Inferior Rectus Muscle Y-Split for Thyroid-Related Vertical Strabismus.

Incomitant hypotropia in thyroid eye disease can be difficult to manage, especially in the presence of orthotropia with fusion in down gaze and reading position. Recessing the affected ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle may result in an undesirable downgaze diplopia secondary to a hypertropia in downgaze. Various surgical techniques have been described to manage this potential complication including asymmetric recession of both inferior rectus muscles, posterior myoscleropexy operation, and the Scott recess/resect procedure of the contralateral inferior rectus.

Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease-related Strabismus.

Purpose: To assess and quantify teprotumumab's effect on thyroid eye disease-related strabismus by change in measured horizontal and vertical deviations and change in extraocular motility.

Methods: We reviewed a series of patients with thyroid eye disease-related strabismus treated with teprotumumab. Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years, strabismus of alternate etiology, or thyroid eye disease-related reconstructive surgery during the treatment course.

Outcomes of Strabismus Surgery Following Teprotumumab Therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the results of patients undergoing surgical treatment for strabismic diplopia in thyroid eye disease (TED) following teprotumumab.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, case series.

Methods: We report 28 patients who underwent extraocular muscle surgery for strabismic diplopia after treatment with teprotumumab at 7 different academic centers.

Dry eye disease in the young: A narrative review.

Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular disease that significantly impacts quality of life, is most commonly reported in adults. This review describes the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management of DED in children. A literature search, conducted from January 2000-December 2022, identified 54 relevant publications.

Anterior segment ischemia following strabismus surgery in a young adult using gender-affirming estrogen hormone therapy.

Well-known risk factors for anterior segment ischemia (ASI) following strabismus surgery include ipsilateral surgery on three or more rectus muscles, older age, and vasculopathy. ASI is rarely reported in young patients following uneventful strabismus surgery on two ipsilateral rectus muscles. We report a 30-year-old transgender female on long-term estrogen therapy who underwent strabismus surgery involving recessions of both lateral rectus muscles, the right inferior rectus muscle, and the left superior rectus muscle.

AAPOS Adult Strabismus Committee's Report on the Status of Adult Strabismus Telemedicine.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of telemedicine in the treatment of adult patients with strabismus.

Methods: A 27-question online survey was sent to ophthalmologists of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) Adult Strabismus Committee. The questionnaire focused on the frequency of telemedicine utilization, the benefits in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of adult strabismus, and barriers of current forms of remote patient visits.

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Cherry-Red Spot: Implications for Understanding Pathophysiology and Visual Prognosis.

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of cherry-red spots from Tay-Sachs and Niemann-Pick disease.

Methods: Consecutive patients with Tay-Sachs and Niemann-Pick disease evaluated by the pediatric transplant and cellular therapy team, for whom a handheld OCT scan was obtained, were included. Demographic information, clinical history, fundus photography, and OCT scans were reviewed.

A Potentially Adjustable Modification of the Nishida Procedure.

For patients with a complete, chronic abducens nerve palsy and resulting abduction deficit, a transposition procedure is often the procedure of choice. One such transposition procedure involves transposing the superior rectus (SR) and inferior rectus (IR) laterally without disinserting or splitting either muscle. While effective, this procedure - like many transposition procedures - carries with it the risk of induced torsional or vertical misalignment.

Nasal Transposition of the Split Lateral Rectus Muscle for Strabismus Associated With Bilateral 3-Nerve Palsy.

Purpose: To determine the success rate and complications associated with nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle (NTSLR) for treating bilateral 3-nerve palsy.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: An international, multicenter registry was used for the study.

Association of Mood Disorders, Substance Abuse, and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Teens With Serious Structural Eye Diseases.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the association between 5 eye diseases (including glaucoma, cataract, congenital optic nerve disease, congenital retinal disease, and blindness/low vision) and mental illness in a pediatric population.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A de-identified commercial insurance claims database, OptumLabs Data Warehouse, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018, was used.

Association of Strabismus With Mood Disorders, Schizophrenia, and Anxiety Disorders Among Children.

Importance: Children with strabismus have poorer functional vision and decreased quality of life than those without strabismus.

Objective: To evaluate the association between strabismus and mental illness among children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal deidentified commercial insurance claims database, from 12 005 189 patients enrolled in the health plan between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017.

A 2020 Update on 20/20 X 2 Diplopia after Ocular Surgery: Strabismus Following Retinal Detachment Surgery.

Persistent ocular motility and sensorial abnormalities following retinal detachment surgery are not common. Scleral buckling increases the risk of deviation in secondary gaze positions most commonly horizontal deviations. Suspect superior oblique incarceration in patients with limited downgaze.

Risk of physical injuries in children and teens with ophthalmic diagnoses in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

Background: To evaluate how eye diseases affect the risk of injuries (fractures, musculoskeletal, head and eye injuries) in children and teens.

Methods: Claims from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal deidentified commercial insurance claims database, were analyzed. Eligible subjects were aged <19 years at the time of their eye disease diagnosis, enrolled in the health plan between 2007 and 2018, and had >1 visit for >1 significant eye disease (strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus, structural diseases), based on ICD9/10 codes.

Prevalence of pediatric eye disease in the optumlabs data warehouse.

Purpose: To define the prevalence of medical eye disease diagnoses among children enrolled in commercial insurance plans in the United States and to evaluate differences among groups based on the US census region, race/ethnicity, and familial net worth.

Methods: : Retrospective study of de-identified claims data from the OptumLab® Data Warehouse (OLDW) between 2007 and 2018. All children (<19 years) in the OLDW with coverage were studied and those with a claim for a significant eye disease (strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus or structural eye disorders) with minimum 6-months follow-up were studied.

Strabismus Surgery Decreases the Risk of Injuries in Pediatric Patients in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown an association between injury risk and strabismus in aged Medicare beneficiaries and children. The injury prevalence in strabismic children was 30% in a study of >10 million patients in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. The purpose of this study was to determine whether strabismus surgery decreases the risk of injury.

Acute Onset Variable and Progressive Trochlear Nerve Palsy and Ophthalmoparesis Secondary to Bilateral Carotid Cavernous Fistula.

: To describe a patient who presented with right unilateral white-eyed posteriorly-draining carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) causing an isolated, acute-onset trochlear nerve palsy with atypical progression to a contralateral left red-eyed anteriorly-draining CCF associated with orbital congestion.: A 74-year-old female presented with an acute onset incomitant right hypertropia consistent with the clinical diagnosis of a superior oblique palsy. Initial workup including MRI was normal.

Meridional aniseikonia-causes, symptoms, and therapies.

Background: The term aniseikonia refers to the two eyes' appreciating different image sizes when viewing the same object. Meridional aniseikonia can occasionally cause significant distortion of the binocular spatial sense in perceptive patients.

Methods: The medical records of 3 adult patients who complained of binocular spatial distortion consistent with meridional aniseikonia were reviewed retrospectively.

Single horizontal rectus muscle vertical augmented transposition with posterior fixation suture in management of monocular elevation deficiency.

We describe successful management of three cases of acquired monocular elevation deficiency (MED) with superior transposition of the lateral rectus augmented with a posterior fixation suture with or without simultaneous inferior rectus muscle weakening. In each case, the lateral rectus muscle was transposed superiorly to the superior rectus muscle along the spiral of Tillaux, with maintained distance between the original lateral rectus muscle poles and the limbus. Augmentation was achieved with a posterior fixation suture 8 mm posterior to the muscles' insertion.

The use of atropine for treatment of amblyopia using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

Atropine and patching are standard treatments for amblyopia, but the prevalence of atropine therapy in the United States is unknown. This study used the OptumLabs Data Warehouse to evaluate pharmacy claims for topical atropine to evaluate the frequency of its treatment for amblyopia and to compare demographic factors in cohorts of amblyopic children who were and were not prescribed atropine. Overall, 55.