Analysis on a database of ship accidents in port areas.

In the last 15 years, the number of vessels in the world fleet has grown by around 53% and their gross tonnage has increased by 47%, with a consequent significant increment of marine accidents worldwide. Accident database are the basic resource for risk assessment methods to help decision-makers to enact strategies and undergo hazard and vulnerability mitigation measures. Understanding ship accidents distribution in terms of involved GT, typical age of the affected vessels, category of the ships, as well as distribution of underlying causes and consequences is the first necessary step to improve accident mitigation actions to be implemented for future assessments.

Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant bacteria colonisation in children with chronic complex conditions.

To assess drug-resistant bacterial colonisation rates and associated risk factors in children with complex chronic conditions admitted to a national reference unit in Spain. Cross-sectional study that included all children admitted to our unit from September 2018 to July 2019. Rectal swabs were obtained to determine multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MR-GNB) colonisation, and nasal swab to determine S.

Clearance of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible/resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cysteamine.

Biofilm-associated infections are of great concern because they are associated with antibiotic resistance and immune evasion. Co-colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae is possible and a threat in clinical practice. We investigated the interaction between S.

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing the nostrils of Spanish children.

Objective: To characterize the Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing healthy Spanish children.

Methods: Between March and July 2018, 1876 Spanish children younger than 14 years attending primary healthcare centers were recruited from rural and urban areas. Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the anterior nostrils was analyzed.

Simultaneous bilateral olecranon fracture: a case report and review of the literature.

Background And Aim Of The Work: A bilateral fracture of the olecranon is a rare injury, with only few cases reported in the literature.

Methods: A single case of bilateral Mayo type II A olecranon fracture in a 88 years old woman is described. A research of all articles regarding simultaneous bilateral olecranon fracture was performed in the PubMed database.

Kinetic and Kinematic analysis of ACL reconstruction in association with lateral-extrarticular tenodesis of the knee in revision surgery: a pilot study.

Background Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are a very frequent surgery. The key role of the anterolateral ligament in the knee rotational stability has been undelighted in recent years. Extra-articular tenodesis in association with ACL reconstructions, serves to eliminate anterolateral rotatory instability.

Fibula fractures management.

Isolated distal fibula fractures represent the majority of ankle fractures. These fractures are often the result of a low-energy trauma with external rotation and supination mechanism. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and radiographic exam.

Nasal Colonization in Spanish Children. The COSACO Nationwide Surveillance Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) nasal colonization in Spanish children.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients <14 years from primary care centers all over Spain. Clinical data and nasal aspirates were collected from March to July 2018.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Distribution of spp. Pulsotypes Isolated from Goat and Sheep Bulk Tank Milk in Southern Spain.

Bulk tank milk from 58 dairy goat and sheep flocks located in southern Spain was examined to determine the prevalence and distribution of . A total of 45 isolates were obtained and characterized to determine the species, antimicrobial resistance profile, and genetic similitude by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using I. isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of , and resistance to methicillin was determined by PCR analysis of A.

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus.

One important feature of the major opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is its extraordinary ability to rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics. Genomic studies reveal that S. aureus carries many virulence and resistance genes located in mobile genetic elements, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a critical role in S.

Emergence of linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in an intensive care unit.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the emergence of linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in an intensive care unit.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in critically ill patients with colonization or infection by linezolid-resistant CoNS between January 2010 and December 2014. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features, and the mechanism of resistance to linezolid.

Horizontal gene transmission of the cfr gene to MRSA and Enterococcus: role of Staphylococcus epidermidis as a reservoir and alternative pathway for the spread of linezolid resistance.

Objectives: Linezolid resistance mediated by the cfr gene represents a global concern due to its dissemination among multiresistant nosocomial pathogens such as MRSA and Enterococcus. In the present work, we have evaluated the in vitro transmission of cfr pSCFS7-like plasmids from two Staphylococcus epidermidis ST2 strains (SE45 and SE50) isolated in Spanish hospitals, to clinical MRSA and Enterococcus spp. isolates obtained in Japan, a country in which cfr has not been detected yet.

Antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae decreased, except for beta-lactamase-negative amoxicillin-resistant isolates, in parallel with community antibiotic consumption in Spain from 1997 to 2007.

The susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of aminopenicillin resistance were studied in 197 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae--109 isolated in 2007 (study group) and 88 isolated in 1997 (control group). Community antibiotic consumption trends were also examined. H.

Low beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains are best detected by testing amoxicillin susceptibility by the broth microdilution method.

Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae due to alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant [BLNAR]) is acquiring increasing clinical and epidemiological importance. BLNAR strains with low ampicillin MICs (0.5 to 4 microg/ml) represent the majority of this population in Europe and the United States, but separating them from susceptible isolates is challenging.

Ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae in Spain: recent emergence of clonal isolates with increased resistance to cefotaxime and cefixime.

The sequence of the ftsI gene encoding the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3) was determined for 354 nonconsecutive Haemophilus influenzae isolates from Spain; 17.8% of them were ampicillin susceptible, 56% were beta-lactamase nonproducing ampicillin resistant (BLNAR), 15.8% were beta-lactamase producers and ampicillin resistant, and 10.

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is associated with hypermutability.

Forty-three percent (12/28) of ciprofloxacin (CIP)-nonsusceptible respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were hypermutable, compared with 8.5% (3/35) in the CIP-susceptible control group (P=0.002).

Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b causing vaccine failures in the United Kingdom.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a major cause of pediatric disease in the United Kingdom prior to the introduction of routine Hib immunization in 1992. An unexpected resurgence of cases of vaccine failure was observed with fully vaccinated children from 1999 onward. We investigated whether Hib isolates causing vaccine failures in the United Kingdom could have undergone a change in their population structure to elude the protective effect of Hib vaccine.

Dynamics of long-term colonization of respiratory tract by Haemophilus influenzae in cystic fibrosis patients shows a marked increase in hypermutable strains.

The persistence and variability of 188 Haemophilus influenzae isolates in respiratory tract of 30 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients over the course of 7 years was studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, DNA fingerprinting, and analysis of outer membrane protein profiles were performed on all isolates. A total of 115 distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified.

Laboratory detection of Haemophilus influenzae with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin due to GyrA and ParC mutations.

The detection of clinical isolates with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibilities and a resistance mechanism is of epidemiological and clinical interest. We studied the susceptibilities of 62 clinical isolates and 2 American Type Culture Collection reference strains of Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and nalidixic acid by the microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The ciprofloxacin MICs for 34 of the isolates were >/=0.

Analysis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections after extensive vaccination against H. influenzae type b.

Little clinical and microbiological information is available about invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection after widespread vaccination against H. influenzae type b (Hib). We conducted an active community surveillance study on invasive H.

Levofloxacin treatment failure in Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia.

We describe the first case of failure of oral levofloxacin treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The strain showed cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones and carried four mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes.

Antibiotic resistance and clinical significance of Haemophilus influenzae type f.

Objectives: Little is known about the antibiotic susceptibility and clinical significance of non-type b capsulated Haemophilus influenzae. We studied the antibiotic resistance patterns, plasmid carriage and clinical features of H. influenzae type f infections in Spain during 1996-2002.

Molecular basis of rifampicin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.

Objectives: To determine the molecular basis of rifampicin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.

Methods: Mutations in the rifampicin-resistance determining region of the rpoB gene of H. influenzae were analysed by gene amplification and sequencing in 12 rifampicin resistant, one intermediate and four susceptible isolates.

In vitro activities of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against Haemophilus influenzae isolates with different fluoroquinolone susceptibilities.

The in vitro activity of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 62 clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates with different fluoroquinolone susceptibilities was determined by the microdilution susceptibility testing method and compared with the activities of other oral quinolones and nonquinolone oral antimicrobial agents. Cefixime presented the highest intrinsic activity (MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited [MIC(50)], 0.01 microg/ml), followed by garenoxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (MIC(50), 0.