Shedding light on risk: Seroprevalence of Q fever among farm animals and workers in Ecuador.

Q fever, caused by the bacterium , is a zoonotic disease that has been largely overlooked despite presenting significant risks to both animal and public health. Although well studied in some countries, in most countries in Latin America, there's a lack of information on infection, its prevalence, and its impact on both livestock and human populations. To address this gap, we conducted a serosurvey among farm workers, cattle, sheep, and dogs on two dairy farms in Ecuador using a commercial ELISA kit.

Mycobacterium bovis mutant in the virulence factors PhoP, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 persisted in mouse organs after a year post-vaccination.

A vaccine for bovine tuberculosis is urgently needed. The BCG vaccine (the Bacille Calmette-Guérin), currently the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis in humans, offers variable protection in cattle. However, BCG is a highly safe vaccine, and any alternative vaccine must not only offer greater protection than BCG but also match and improve its safety profile.

B Cell and Antibody Responses in Bovine Tuberculosis.

The development of vaccines and effective diagnostic methods for bovine tuberculosis requires an understanding of the immune response against its causative agent, . Although this disease is primarily investigated and diagnosed through the assessment of cell-mediated immunity, the role of B cells and antibodies in bovine tuberculosis has been relatively undervalued and understudied. Current evidence indicates that circulating -specific antibodies are not effective in controlling the disease.

Transmissibility of in a murine model.

The causative agent of tuberculosis in pinnipeds is , a member of the complex (MTC). The natural hosts are pinnipeds; however, other non-marine mammals, including humans, can also be infected. The transmissibility of a pathogen is related to its virulence.

Live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strains combined with the encapsulated H65 antigen as a vaccine strategy against bovine tuberculosis in a mouse model.

Mycobacterium bovis is an etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) that also infects other mammals, including humans. The lack of an effective vaccine for the control of bTB highlights the need for developing new vaccines. In this study, we developed and evaluated an M.

A Transcriptional Analysis of Cattle Immune Cells Reveals a Central Role of Type 1 Interferon in the In Vitro Innate Immune Response against .

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by , a bacterium that affects cattle and other mammals, including humans. Despite the availability of vast research about the immune response mechanisms of human tuberculosis caused by , the knowledge of bovine tuberculosis's immunology, particularly regarding the innate immune response, still remains scarce. In this study, we compared the transcriptome of cell cultures containing lymphocytes and infected-macrophages with two strains of variable virulence, the virulent Mb04-303 strain and the attenuated Mb534.

Semi-stable Production of Bovine IL-4 and GM-CSF in The Mammalian Episomal Expression System.

Introduction: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are cytokines widely used in monocyte differentiation experiments, vaccine formulations and disease treatment. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant bovine GM-CSF and IL-4 in an episomal expression system that conserves the postransductional modification of the native proteins and to use the products to differentiate bovine monocytes into dendritic cells.

Material And Methods: The recombinant proteins rGM-CSF and rIL-4 were expressed in PEAKrapid CRL-2828 human kidney cells, ATCC CRL-2828.

Rv2577 of Is a Virulence Factor With Dual Phosphatase and Phosphodiesterase Functions.

Tuberculosis, a lung disease caused by , is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide affecting mainly developing countries. can persist and survive inside infected cells through modulation of host antibacterial attack, i.e.

A Phenotypic Characterization of Two Isolates of a Multidrug-Resistant Outbreak Strain of with Opposite Epidemiological Fitness.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by , primarily affecting the lungs. The strain of the Haarlem family named M was responsible for a large multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outbreak in Buenos Aires. This outbreak started in the early 1990s and in the mid 2000s still accounted for 29% of all MDR-TB cases in Argentina.

Bovine macrophages responses to the infection with virulent and attenuated Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Although cattle are usually the maintenance hosts of serovar Hardjo, Pomona is the most frequent serovar circulating in Argentina. The understanding of bovine innate immune response and the virulence of this serovar is important for future control measures.

ERAP1 and PDE8A Are Downregulated in Cattle Protected against Bovine Tuberculosis.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis that is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. In spite of its relevance, the limited knowledge about the host immune responses that provide effective protection against the disease has long hampered the development of an effective vaccine. The identification of host proteins with an expression that correlates with protection against bTB would contribute to the understanding of the cattle defence mechanisms against M.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms may explain the contrasting phenotypes of two variants of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain.

Globally, about 4.5% of new tuberculosis (TB) cases are multi-drug-resistant (MDR), i.e.

Mycobacterium bovis Requires P27 (LprG) To Arrest Phagosome Maturation and Replicate within Bovine Macrophages.

causes tuberculosis in a wide variety of mammals, with strong tropism for cattle and eventually humans. P27, also called LprG, is among the proteins involved in the mechanisms of the virulence and persistence of and Here, we describe a novel function of P27 in the interaction of with its natural host cell, the bovine macrophage. We found that a deletion in the operon impairs the replication of in bovine macrophages.

Polymorphisms of 20 regulatory proteins between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are responsible for tuberculosis in humans and animals, respectively. Both species are closely related and belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). M.

Differential expression of immunogenic proteins on virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

Molecular epidemiology has revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), formerly regarded as highly conserved species, displays a considerable degree of genetic variability that can influence the outcome of the disease as well as the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated that Mtb families found worldwide today differ in pathology, transmissibility, virulence, and development of immune response. By proteomic approaches seven proteins that were differentially expressed between a local clinical isolate from Latin-American-Mediterranean (LAM) and from Haarlem (H) lineages were identified.

Identification of potential biomarkers of disease progression in bovine tuberculosis.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains an important animal and zoonotic disease in many countries. The diagnosis of bTB is based on tuberculin skin test and IFN-γ release assays (IGRA). Positive animals are separated from the herd and sacrificed.

Role of the Mce1 transporter in the lipid homeostasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, has developed several strategies involving proteins and other compounds known collectively as virulence factors to subvert human host defences and invade the human host. The Mce proteins are among these virulence-related proteins and are encoded by the mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4 operons in the genome of M.

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis 04-303, a Highly Virulent Strain from Argentina.

Mycobacterium bovis strain 04-303 was isolated from a wild boar living in a free-ranging field in Argentina. This work reports the draft genome sequence of this highly virulent strain and the genomic comparison of its major virulence-related genes with those of M. bovis strain AF2122/97 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv.

Study of the in vivo role of Mce2R, the transcriptional regulator of mce2 operon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of human tuberculosis, has developed strategies involving proteins and other compounds called virulence factors to subvert human host defences and damage and invade the human host. Among these virulence-related proteins are the Mce proteins, which are encoded in the mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4 operons of M.

Mycobacterium bovis Δmce2 double deletion mutant protects cattle against challenge with virulent M. bovis.

A Mycobacterium bovis strain deleted in mce2A and mce2B genes (M. bovis Δmce2) was tested as an experimental vaccine in cattle challenged with a virulent M. bovis strain.

Vaccination with a BCG strain overexpressing Ag85B protects cattle against Mycobacterium bovis challenge.

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle but also infects other animals, including humans. Previous studies in cattle have demonstrated that the protection induced by BCG is not complete. In order to improve the protection efficacy of BCG, in this study we overexpressed Ag85B in a BCG Pasteur strain, by using an expression system based on the use of an auxotrophic strain for the leucine amino acid, and complementation with leuD.

Transcriptional response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis.

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. The identification of bTB biomarkers in specific stages of the disease will contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathology associated with tuberculosis and will enable their use in disease diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profile induced after specific stimulation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with M.