Efficacy of High-dose Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Patients with Poor Response to Bariatric Surgery: Real-world Experience and Updated Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Poor response to bariatric surgery, characterized by insufficient weight loss (IWL) or weight regain (WR), poses a significant challenge in obesity treatment. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of liraglutide in addressing this issue.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study investigated the impact of liraglutide 3 mg on weight loss in adults with suboptimal responses or weight regain after bariatric surgery (BS).

Excessive generalized and visceral adiposity is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Aims: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) has heterogeneous clinical phenotypes related to different risk of developing diabetes complications. We investigated the correlation between generalized and abdominal adiposity and the prevalence of both micro- and macrovascular complications in Caucasian patients with T2D.

Methods And Results: We evaluated 769 individuals with T2D consecutively referred to our diabetes center.

High-dose liraglutide improves metabolic syndrome in poor responders to bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) represents the most effective therapy for obesity class III, or class II with at least one weight-related comorbidity. However, some patients have insufficient weight loss or clinically relevant weight regain after a successful primary procedure. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of liraglutide treatment on weight loss, body composition and improvement of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients defined as poor responders after BS.

Effect of gluten-free diet on autoimmune thyroiditis progression in patients with no symptoms or histology of celiac disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease. HT may be associated with nonthyroidal autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CD) or other gluten-related conditions (GRC). In the last years, interest about gluten-free diet (GFD) has increased for its supposed extraintestinal anti-inflammatory effect; thus, many patients with HT initiate GFD on their own.

Pharmacological treatment of non-responders following bariatric surgery.

Obesity is a complex chronic disease and requires a long-term multidisciplinary management. Even patients undergoing bariatric surgery, one the most effective treatments for obesity, can have insufficient weight loss (IWL) than expected (primary non responder) or weight regain (WR) after a successful primary procedure (secondary non responder). A poor response represents a challenge of bariatric surgery that can induce persistence or recurrence of obesity-related comorbidities, prejudicing benefits of surgery.

Efficacy, renal safety and tolerability of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world experience.

Aims: To evaluate efficacy, renal safety and tolerability of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aged ≥65 years.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 364 elderly individuals with T2DM starting SGLT2i from June 2015 to June 2018. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups based on median age (70 years).

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Role of Insulin Sensitivity.

Obesity represents a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, but some individuals, "metabolically healthy" (MHO), show less clinical evidence of these complications, in contrast to "metabolically unhealthy" (MUO) individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of the MHO phenotype in a cohort of 246 overweight/obese Italian children and adolescents, and to evaluate their characteristics and the role of insulin resistance. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI) and disposition index (DI) were all calculated from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease and screening of renal function in type 2 diabetic patients in Finnish primary healthcare.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Finnish primary healthcare, and to evaluate the screening for CKD and the proportions of patients receiving antihyperglycemic and cardiovascular preventive medication.

Material And Methods: T2D patients treated at the Rovaniemi Health Center, Finland during the years 2015-2019. Data included patient characteristics, blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid levels, kidney function and albuminuria, and medications prescribed.

Influence of the Mediterranean and Ketogenic Diets on Cognitive Status and Decline: A Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia, accounting for up to 70% of dementia cases. AD is a slowly progressive disease, which causes global mental deterioration by affecting various cognitive areas. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lifestyle habits and nutritional patterns could delay the natural course of the neurodegeneration process.

The novel loss of function Ile354Val mutation in PPARG causes familial partial lipodystrophy.

Aims: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, mostly due to mutations in lamin A (LMNA) or in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) genes. In the present study, we aimed to identify and functionally characterize the genetic defect underlying FPLD in an Italian family presenting with several affected individuals in three consecutive generations.

Methods: Mutational screening by direct Sanger sequencing has been carried out on both LMNA and PPARG genes.

Impact of unhealthy childhood and unfavorable parents' characteristics on adiposity in schoolchildren.

Background: Childhood obesity is encouraged by low physical activity (PA), time spent using screens (screen time, ST), and by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSBc). It is also influenced by unfavorable parents' characteristics, such as a high body mass index (BMI) and low education level (EL). Our aim was to evaluate the overall and specific influence of these factors on childhood adiposity.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Insulin Signalling and Therapeutic Implications.

In the last two decades, numerous in vitro studies demonstrated that insulin receptors and theirs downstream pathways are widely distributed throughout the brain. This evidence has proven that; at variance with previous believes; insulin/insulin-like-growth-factor (IGF) signalling plays a crucial role in the regulation of different central nervous system (CNS) tasks. The most important of these functions include: synaptic formation; neuronal plasticity; learning; memory; neuronal stem cell activation; neurite growth and repair.

Strong evidence of sexual dimorphic effect of adiposity excess on insulin sensitivity.

Aims: Our aims were to investigate in several large samples, with a wide range of adiposity, whether: (1) the effect of BMI on insulin sensitivity is different between sexes; (2) also waist circumference plays a sex-specific role on insulin sensitivity; and (3) serum adiponectin and resistin are mediators of such sex-dimorphic effect.

Methods: Samples used were: Gargano study 1 (GS1), GS2 and Catania study (CS) comprising 3274 individuals. Adiponectin and resistin were measured by ELISA.

Very severely obese patients have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

The prevalence of very severe obesity has increased progressively and faster than other classes of obesity over the last years. It is unclear whether the prevalence of obesity-related complications and health risks increases progressively or reaches a plateau above a certain degree of obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the severity of obesity was correlated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a large cohort of patients with different degrees of obesity.

Intragastric balloon in association with lifestyle and/or pharmacotherapy in the long-term management of obesity.

Background: Intragastric balloon (BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon, BIB®) or pharmacotherapy are possible options for the treatment of obese patients when traditional approaches have failed. The aim of our study was to compare in obese patients the effect on weight loss and metabolic changes of lifestyle modifications associated with either BIB or pharmacotherapy or the two treatments in sequence as a maintenance strategy for weight loss.

Methods: Fifty obese patients were recruited and randomly assigned to lifestyle modifications combined with either BIB for 6 months (n = 30) or sibutramine (pharmacotherapy group) for 1 year (n = 20).