Development of machine learning models to predict papillary carcinoma in thyroid nodules: The role of immunological, radiologic, cytologic and radiomic features.

Objective: Approximately 30 % of thyroid nodules yield an indeterminate diagnosis through conventional diagnostic strategies. The aim of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models capable of identifying papillary thyroid carcinomas using preoperative variables.

Methods: Patients with thyroid nodules undergoing thyroid surgery were enrolled in a retrospective monocentric study.